Water-soluble polymer complexes
A water-soluble interjacent complex that includes a first water-soluble polymer and one or more water-soluble monomers polymerized to form a second water-soluble polymer in the presence of the first water-soluble polymer. The water-soluble interjacent complex forms a solution in water that is free of insoluble polymer particles. The interjacent complexes may be used to treat a waste sludge by adding an effective amount thereof to the waste sludge. The interjacent complexes may also be used in making paper by adding an effective amount thereof to a pulp or a forming sheet at a suitable location on a paper making machine. The interjacent complexes may further be used as a rheology modifier in aqueous systems by adding an effective amount thereof to an aqueous medium to effect a desired viscosity, rheology, or flow curve property.
1. A water-soluble interjacent complex comprising:
(a) a water-soluble host polymer selected from the group consisting of water-soluble poly(meth)acrylates, water-soluble polyamides, water-soluble polyesters, water-soluble polyurethanes, water-soluble poly(vinyl amine), water-soluble poly(ethylene imine), water-soluble amine/epihalohydrin polyamines, water-soluble poly(meth)acrylamide, water-soluble (meth)acrylamide copolymers, water-soluble poly(meth)acrylic acid, water-soluble copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid, poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium halides), copolymers of diallyl dimethyl ammonium halides, water-soluble vinyl pyrrolidone, water-soluble copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium halides, copolymers of (meth)acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium halides, poly(meth)acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium halides, copolymers of (meth)acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium halides, poly(meth)acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, copolymers of (meth)acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, xanthan gums, sodium alginates, galactomanans, carageenan, gum arabic, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride graft copolymers of hydroxyethylcellulose, polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl celluloses reacted with a trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl celluloses reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxides, a quaternary ammonium derivative of hydroxypropyl guar and combinations thereof; and
(b) one or more water-soluble monomers polymerized to form a polymer in the presence of the host polymer in (a), wherein the water-soluble interjacent complex forms a solution in water that is free of insoluble polymer particles and maintains one uniform phase after standing at ambient conditions for at least three months.
2. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight of the polymer in (a) and the polymer in (b) in the interjacent complex are each at least 1,000.
3. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble host polymer is one or more selected from the group consisting of water-soluble poly(meth)acrylates, water-soluble polyamides, water-soluble polyesters, water-soluble polyurethanes, water-soluble poly(vinyl amine), water-soluble poly(ethylene imine), water-soluble amine/epihalohydrin polyamines, water-soluble poly(meth)acrylamide, water-soluble (meth)acrylamide copolymers, water-soluble poly(meth)acrylic acid, water-soluble copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid, poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium halides), copolymers of diallyl dimethyl ammonium halides, water-soluble vinyl pyrrolidone, water-soluble copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium halides, copolymers of (meth)acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium halides, poly(meth)acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium halides, copolymers of (meth)acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium halides, poly(meth)acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, and copolymers of (meth)acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate.
4. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble host polymer is one or more selected from the group consisting of xanthan gums, sodium alginates, galactomanans, carageenan, and gum arabic.
5. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble host polymer is one or more selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride graft copolymers of hydroxyethylcellulose, polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl celluloses reacted with a trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, and polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl celluloses reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxides.
6. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble host polymer is a quaternary ammonium derivative of hydroxypropyl guar.
7. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 1 , wherein the monomers in (b) comprise a monomer mix comprised of (i) 0 to 100 mol % of one or more cationic monomers; (ii) 0 to 100 mol % of one or more anionic monomers; and (iii) 0 to 100 mol % of one or more nonionic monomers, wherein the sum of (i), (ii), and (iii) is 100 mol %.
8. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 7 , wherein the cationic monomer (i) is one or more selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium halides, (meth)acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium halides, poly(meth)acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium halides.
9. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 7 , wherein the anionic monomer (ii) comprises one or more sulfonic acid containing monomers selected from the group consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, sulfonated styrene, vinyl sulfonic acids, and allyl ether sulfonic acids.
10. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 9 , wherein the mol ratio of cationic monomer (i) to sulfonic acid containing anionic monomer (ii) ranges from 20:80 to 95:5.
11. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 7 , wherein the anionic monomer (ii) comprises one or more carboxylic acid containing monomers selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, N-(meth)acrylamidopropyl, N,N-dimethyl,amino acetic acid, N-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl, N,N-dimethyl,amino acetic acid, N-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl, N,N-dimethyl,amino acetic acid, crotonic acid, (meth)acrylamidoglycolic acid, and 2-(meth)acrylamido-2-methylbutanoic acid.
12. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 11 , wherein the mol ratio of cationic monomer (i) to carboxylic acid containing anionic monomer (ii) ranges from 20:80 to 95:5.
13. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 7 , wherein the nonionic monomer (iii) comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 22 straight or branched chain alkyl or aryl (meth)acrylates, C 1 -C 22 straight or branched chain N-alkyl or aryl (meth)acrylamide, (meth)acrylamide, N-methyl(meth)acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl acetate, ethoxylated (meth)acrylates, propoxylated (meth)acrylates, hydroxy functional (meth)acrylates, N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, styrene, C 1 -C 22 straight or branched chain alkyl allyl ethers, and C 1 -C 22 aryl allyl ethers.
14. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 7 , wherein the monomer mix in (b) further comprises (iv) a branching quantity of one or more monomers that have two or more sites of reactive unsaturation.
15. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 14 , wherein the monomers having two or more sites of reactive unsaturation (iv) are selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, glycerol di(meth)acrylate, glycerol allyloxy di(meth)acrylate, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane di(meth)acrylate, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane tri(meth)acrylate, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane di(meth)acrylate, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane tri(meth)acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, diallyl phthalate, diallyl terephthalte, divinyl benzene, triallylamine, and methylenebis (meth)acrylamide.
16. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 14 , wherein the monomers having two or more sites of reactive unsaturation are present at 0.0001 to 0.1 mol % based on the total number of mols of (i), (ii), and (iii).
17. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 1 , wherein the reduced viscosity of the interjacent complex, as determined in a Ubbelhhde Capillary Viscometer at 0.05% by weight concentration of polymer in 1M NaCl solution, at 30° C., pH 7 ranges from 0.1 to 20 dl/g.
18. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 1 , wherein the interjacent complex is prepared by solution polymerization.
19. The water-soluble interjacent complex of claim 1 , wherein the interjacent complex is prepared as a water-in-oil emulsion.