Flotation of sulphide minerals
The present invention relates generally to a process and an apparatus for flotation of sulphide minerals, such as sulphide minerals hosted in ores rich in magnesium minerals. The process involves grinding of the nickel ore rich in magnesium minerals and thereafter separation of the ground material into a coarse and fine stream of particles coarser than about 30 microns and finer than about 30 microns, respectively. Optionally, the fines stream may be further separated into a slimes fraction. The coarse and fine flotation streams are then fit to separate parallel flotation circuits. Acid and/or activator is added during flotation of the coarse stream only. Significantly improved recoveries and grades were obtained with reduced acid consumption.
1. A process for flotation of a sulphide mineral containing nickel, said process comprising the steps of:
separating a flotation pulp containing valuable sulphide minerals into at least a coarse stream and a fine stream, said size separation being effected at a relatively coarse level in the range of 20 to 50 microns;
treating predominantly the coarse stream with acid and/or copper sulphate to facilitate flotation of coarse particles containing nickel; and
floating the coarse and fine streams in separate flotation stages, wherein the fine stream has a relatively lower solid/liquid ratio than the coarse stream.
2. A process for flotation of a sulphide mineral as defined in claim 1 wherein the size separation is effected at between about 25 to 45 micron.
3. A process for flotation of a sulphide mineral as defined in claim 1 wherein the coarse stream only is treated with moderate amounts of the acid and/or copper sulphate.
4. A process for flotation of a sulphide mineral as defined in claim 1 wherein the size separation is performed using one or more cyclones.
5. A process for flotation of a sulphide mineral as defined in claim 4 wherein the size separation is effected using a plurality of cyclones arranged in series.
6. A process for flotation of a sulphide mineral as defined in claim 1 wherein the acid and/or copper sulphate is added during one or more of the following stages: coarse stream conditioning; coarse stream rougher bank; coarse stream middling bank; coarse stream scavenging bank; coarse stream cleaning bank, and/or coarse stream re-cleaning bank.
7. A process for flotation of a sulphide mineral as defined in claim 1 wherein the coarse stream is treated with an acid selected from the group consisting of sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphurous acid, sulphamic acid, or other suitable inorganic/organic acid.
8. A process for flotation of a sulphide material as defined in claim 1 , wherein the coarse stream only is treated with moderate amounts of the acid and/or copper sulphate.
9. A process for flotation of a sulphide mineral as defined in claim 8 wherein the size separation is performed using one or more cyclones.
10. A process for flotation of a sulphide mineral as defined in claim 9 wherein the fine stream is floated at a relatively low solid/liquid ratio.
11. A process for flotation of a sulphide mineral as defined in claim 10 wherein the acid and/or activator is added during one or more of the following stages: coarse stream conditioning; coarse stream rougher bank; coarse stream middling bank; coarse stream scavenging bank; coarse stream cleaning bank, and/or coarse stream re-cleaning bank.
12. A method of pretreating a sulphide mineral prior to flotation, said method comprising the steps of grinding the sulphide mineral and performing a size separation at between 20 to 50 micron to provide a coarse stream and fine stream wherein gangue is minimized in the coarse stream; and wherein the coarse stream only is treated with moderate amounts of an acid and/or copper sulphate.
13. A method of pretreating a sulphide mineral prior to flotation as defined in claim 12 wherein the size of separation is effected at between about 25 to 45 micron.
14. A method of pretreating a sulphide mineral prior to flotation as defined in claim 12 wherein the size separation is effected using a plurality of cyclones arranged in series.
15. A method of pretreating a sulphide mineral prior to flotation as defined in claim 12 wherein the size separation is effected using a plurality of cyclones arranged in series.