Emulsion vehicle for poorly soluble drugs
A method of making an emulsion of tocopherol incorporating a co-solvent and, stabilized by biocompatible surfactants, as a vehicle or carrier for therapeutic drugs, which is substantially ethanol free and which can be administered to animals or humans by various routes, is disclosed. Also included in the emulsion is PEGylated vitamin E. PEGylated α-tocopherol includes polyethylene glycol subunits attached by a succinic acid diester at the ring hydroxyl of vitamin E and serves as a primary surfactant, stabilizer and a secondary solvent in emulsions of α-tocopherol.
1. A method of making an emulsion, comprising:
a) dissolving one or more chemotherapeutic agents in polyethylene glycol to form a chemotherapeutic agent solution, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is at least one of a taxoid, a taxine, a taxane, or a microtubule-binding agent;
b) adding a tocopherol polyethylene glycol to the chemotherapeutic agent solution to form an oil solution; and
c) adding a tocopherol to the oil solution to form a tocopherol/chemotherapeutic agent solution.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising blending the tocopherol/chemotherapeutic agent solution with an aqueous phase to form a pre-emulsion.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising homogenizing the pre-emulsion to form a fine emulsion.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is in the range from 200 to 600.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tocopherol is α-tocopherol.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tocopherol polyethylene glycol is an ester or an ether of α-tocopherol and polyethylene glycol.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the tocopherol polyethylene glycol is d-α-tocopherol-polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene glycol nonionic block polymer with the tocopherol polyethylene glycol to the chemotherapeutic agent solution.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is paclitaxel.
10. A method for making a paclitaxel/tocopherol-containing solution, comprising:
a) combining paclitaxel and polyethylene glycol to provide a first paclitaxel-containing solution;
b) adding a tocopherol polyethylene glycol and a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene glycol nonionic block polymer to the first paclitaxel-containing solution to provide a second paclitaxel-containing solution; and
c) adding a tocopherol to the second paclitaxel-containing solution to provide a paclitaxel/tocopherol-containing solution.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight in the range from 200 to 600.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the tocopherol polyethylene glycol comprises d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the tocopherol comprises α-tocopherol.
14. A method far making a paclitaxel/tocopherol-containing emulsion, comprising:
a) combining paclitaxel and polyethylene glycol to provide a first paclitaxel-containing solution;
b) adding a tocopherol polyethylene glycol and a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene glycol nonionic block polymer to the first paclitaxel-containing solution to provide a second paclitaxel-containing solution;
c) adding a tocopherol to the second paclitaxel-containing solution to provide a third paclitaxel-containing solution;
d) blending the third paclitaxel-containing solution with an aqueous phase to form a pre-emulsion; and
e) homogenizing the pre-emulsion to form an emulsion.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight in the range from 200 to 600.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the tocopherol polyethylene glycol comprises d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the tocopherol comprises α-tocopherol.
18. A method for making a paclitaxel/tocopherol-containing solution, comprising:
a) combining paclitaxel and polyethylene glycol to provide a first paclitaxel-containing solution;
b) adding a tocopherol/polyethylene glycol conjugate to the first paclitaxel-containing solution to provide a second paclitaxel-containing solution; and
c) adding a tocopherol to the second paclitaxel-containing solution to provide a third paclitaxel-containing solution.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight between 200 and 600.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the tocopherol/polyethylene glycol conjugate comprises d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the tocopherol comprises α-tocopherol.
22. A method for making a paclitaxel/tocopherol-containing emulsion, comprising:
a) combining paclitaxel and polyethylene glycol to provide a first paclitaxel-containing solution;
b) adding a tocopherol/polyethylene glycol conjugate to the first paclitaxel-containing solution to provide a second paclitaxel-containing solution;
c) adding a tocopherol to the second paclitaxel-containing solution to provide a third paclitaxel-containing solution,
d) blending the third paclitaxel-containing solution with an aqueous phase to form a pre-emulsion; and
e) homogenizing the pre-emulsion to form an emulsion.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight between 200 and 600.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the tocopherol/polyethylene glycol conjugate comprises d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate.
25. The method of claim 22 , wherein the tocopherol comprises α-tocopherol.
26. The method of claim 18 further comprising adding a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene glycol nonionic block polymer to the first, second, or third paclitaxel-containing solution.
27. The method of claim 22 further comprising adding a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene glycol nonionic block polymer to the first, second, or third paclitaxel-containing solution.
28. A method for making a paclitaxel-containing solution, comprising:
a) combining paclitaxel and polyethylene glycol to provide a first paclitaxel solution; and
b) adding a tocopherol polyethylene glycol a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene glycol nonionic block polymer and a tocopherol to the first paclitaxel solution to provide a second paclitaxel solution.
29. A method for making a paclitaxel-containing emulsion, comprising:
a) combining paclitaxel and polyethylene glycol to provide a first paclitaxel solution;
b) adding a tocopherol polyethylene glycol a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene glycol nonionic block polymer and a tocopherol to the first paclitaxel solution to provide a second paclitaxel solution; and
c) blending the second paclitaxel solution with an aqueous phase to provide an emulsion.
30. The method of claim 29 further comprising homogenizing the emulsion.