Transparent polyurethane-hydrogel composition, method of making transparent polyurethane-hydrogel composition, and air-freshener application
A transparent polyurethane-hydrogel composition includes a reaction product in aqueous solvent of a prepolymer and a water-soluble crosslinker in the substantial absence of organic solvent, and such a composition can be prepared by admixing a prepolymer and a water-soluble crosslinker in aqueous solvent and in the substantial absence of organic solvent. A prepolymer is present in an amount of no greater than about 5 weight percent based on total weight of all hydrogel components. The prepolymer is generally prepared from at least one water-soluble polyol and an isocyanate. A water-soluble crosslinker generally has a crosslinker functionality of at least 2 and is selected to provide a site ratio of initial isocyanate to crosslinker (i.e., moles NCO×functionality/moles crosslinker×functionality) of at least about 1.5 and no greater than about 2.6. In one embodiment, a crosslinker is effective to react with and solubilize residual isocyanate concurrently with the reaction between prepolymer and crosslinker. A transparent polyurethane-hydrogel composition has desirable gel physical properties and is useful for an air-freshener application.
1. A polyurethane-hydrogel composition, said composition being prepared by a method comprising:
admixing at least one prepolymer and at least one water-soluble crosslinker in aqueous solvent and in the substantial absence of organic solvent to form a polyurethane-hydrogel mixture, said prepolymer being prepared from at least one water-soluble polyol and at least one isocyanate and being present in an amount of no greater than about 5 weight percent, said weight percent being based on total weight of all components; and
(b) polymerizing said mixture to form a composition, wherein said composition is substantially polymerized, is transparent, has an effective number-average molecular weight between crosslinks and the crosslinker comprises an amine end-capped poly(ethylene oxide), or at least one of a 3-arm amine end-capped polyethyleneglycol or polyoxyethylene bis(amine).
2. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein said crosslinker comprises an amine end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) crosslinker.
3. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein said crosslinker comprises at least one of a 3-arm amine end-capped polyethyleneglycol and polyoxyethylene bis(amine).
4. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein said water-soluble crosslinker comprises a polyamine, said polyamine having a charge density of at least 0.8 meq charge per gram of crosslinker.
5. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein said crosslinker has a functionality effective to provide a reaction rate with said prepolymer that is at least 10 times faster than the reaction rate of water with said prepolymer.
6. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein said prepolymar is prepared from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanate.
7. A composition according to claim 6 , wherein said isocyanate comprises isophorone diisocyanate.
8. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from a polyoxyalkylene polyol.
9. A composition according to claim 8 , wherein said polyol comprises a 7,000 molecular-weight triol copolymer of 75% ethylene oxide and 25% propylene oxide.
10. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from an isocyanate comprising isophorone diisocyanate and a polyol comprising a 7,000 molecular-weight triol copolymer of 75% ethylene oxide and 25% propylene oxide.
11. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein said mixture is formed by further admixing a fragrance composition with said at least one prepolymer and said at least one water-soluble crosslinker.
12. A composition according to claim 11 , wherein said fragrance composition comprises a fragrance oil and a surfactant.
13. A composition according to claim 12 , wherein said surfactant comprises at least one of ethoxylated alkyl phenol, nonylphenol, and ethoxylated alcohol.
14. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein said mixture is formed by admixing at least one additive with said at least one prepolymer and said at least one water-soluble crosslinker.
15. An air-freshener composition, said composition being prepared by a method comprising:
admixing at least one prepolymer, at least one water-soluble crosslinker, and at least one fragrance composition in aqueous solvent and in the substantial absence of organic solvent to form a polyurethane-hydrogel mixture, said prapolymer being prepared from at least one water-soluble polyol and at least one isocyanate and being present in an amount of no greater than about 5 weight percent, said weight percent being based on total weight of all components;
(b) polymerizing said mixture to form a composition, wherein said composition is substantially polymerized, is transparent, and has an effective number-average molecular weight between crosslinks.
16. A composition according to claim 15 , wherein said crosslinker comprises polyethylenimine.
17. A composition according to claim 15 , wherein said crosslinker comprises an amine end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) crosslinker.
18. A composition according to claim 15 , wherein said crosslinker comprise at least one of a 3-arm amine end-capped polyethyleneglycol and polyoxyethylene bis(amine).
19. A composition according to claim 15 , wherein said water-soluble crosslinker comprises a polyamine, said polyamine having a charge density of at least 0.8 meq charge per gram of crosslinker.
20. A composition according to claim 15 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanate.
21. A composition according to claim 20 , wherein said isocyanate comprises isophorone diisocyanate.
22. A composition according to claim 15 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from a polyoxyalkylene polyol.
23. A composition according to claim 22 , wherein said polyol comprises a 7,000 molecular-weight triol copolymer of 75% ethylene oxide and 25% propylene oxide.
24. A composition according to claim 15 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from an isocyanate comprising isophorone diisocyanate and a polyol comprising a 7,000 molecular-weight triol copolymer of 75% ethylene oxide and 25% propylene oxide.
25. A composition according to claim 15 , wherein said fragrance composition comprises a fragrance oil.
26. A composition according to claim 24 , wherein said fragrance composition further comprises at least one of a surfactant and an antifreeze.
27. A composition according to claim 26 , wherein said surfactant comprises at least one of ethoxylated alkyl phenol, nonylphenol, and ethoxylated alcohol.
28. A composition according to claim 15 , wherein said mixture is formed by admixing at least one additive with said at least one prepolymer and said at least one water-soluble crosslinker.
29. An air freshener, said air freshener comprising
(a) a container; and
a polyurethane-hydrogel composition dispensed into said container, said composition being prepared by a method comprising:
admixing at least one prepolymer, at least one water-soluble crosslinker, and at least one fragrance composition in aqueous solvent and in the substantial absence of organic solvent to form a polyurethane-hydrogel mixture, said prepolymer being prepared from at least one water-soluble polyol and at least one isocyanate and being present in an amount of no greater than about 5 weight percent, said weight percent being based on total weight of all components; and
(ii) polymerizing said mixture in said container to form an air freshener, wherein said air freshener is substantially polymerized, is transparent, and has an effective number-average molecular weight between crosslinks.
30. An air freshener according to claim 29 , wherein said crosslinker comprises polyethylenimine.
31. An air freshener according to claim 29 , wherein said crosslinker comprises an amine end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) crosslinker.
32. An air freshener according to claim 29 , wherein said crosslinker comprises at least one of a 3-arm amine end-capped polyethyleneglycol and polyoxyethylene bis(amine).
33. An air freshener according to claim 29 , wherein said water-soluble crosslinker comprises a polyamine, said polyamine having a charge density of at least 0.8 meq charge per gram of crosslinker.
34. An air freshener according to claim 29 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanate.
35. An air freshener according to claim 34 , wherein said isocyanate comprises isophorone diisocyanate.
36. An air freshener according to claim 29 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from a polyoxyalkylene polyol.
37. An air freshener according to claim 36 , wherein said polyol comprises a 7,000 molecular-weight triol copolymer of 75% ethylene oxide and 25% propylene oxide.
38. An air freshener according to claim 29 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from an isocyanate comprising isophorone diisocyanate and a polyol comprising a 7,000 molecular-weight triol copolymer of 75% ethylene oxide and 25% propylene oxide.
39. An air freshener according to claim 29 , wherein said fragrance composition comprises a fragrance oil.
40. An air freshener according to claim 39 , wherein said fragrance composition further comprises at least one of a surfactant and an antifreeze.
41. An air freshener according to claim 29 , wherein said composition further comprises a gel object suspended within said composition.
42. An air freshener according to claim 29 , wherein said mixture is formed by further admixing a colorant with said prepolymer and said water-soluble crosslinker.
43. A method for preparing a transparent polyurethane-hydrogel composition, said method comprising:
admixing at least one prepolymer and at least one water-soluble crosslinker in aqueuos solvent and in the substantial absence of organic solvent to form a polyurethane-hydrogel mixture, said prepolymer comprising at least one water-soluble polyol and at least one isocyanate and being present in an amount of no greater than about 5 weight percent, said weight percent being based on total weight of all components; wherein the crosslinker comprises an amine end-capped poly(ethylene oxide), or at least one of a 3-arm amine end-capped polyethyleneglycol or polyoxyethylene bis(amine) and
(b) polymnerizing said mixture to form a composition, wherein said composition is substantially polymerized, is transparent, and has an effective number-average molecular weight between crosslinks.
44. A method according to claim 43 , wherein said crosslinker comprises an amine end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) crosslinker.
45. A method according to claim 43 , wherein said crosslinker comprises at least one of a 3-arm amine end-capped polyethyleneglycol and polyoxyethylene bis(amine).
46. A method according to claim 43 , wherein said water-soluble crosslinker comprises a polyamine, said polyamine having a charge density of at least 0.8 meq charge per gram of crosslinker.
47. A method according to claim 43 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanate.
48. A method according to claim 47 , wherein said isocyanate comprises isophorone diisocyanate.
49. A method according to claim 43 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from a polyoxyalkylene polyol.
50. A method according to claim 49 , wherein said polyol comprises a 7,000 molecular-weight triol copolymer of 75% ethylene oxide and 25% propylene oxide.
51. A method according to claim 43 , wherein said prepolymer is prepared from an isocyanate comprising isophorone diisocyanate and a polyol comprising a 7,000 molecular-weight triol copolymer of 75% ethylene oxide and 25% propylene oxide.