Critical fluid antimicrobial compositions and their use and generation
The present invention relates to antimicrobial compositions including a critical, near critical, or supercritical (densified) fluid and an antimicrobial agent, to methods of forming these compositions, and to methods employing these compositions. An antimicrobial agent can be generated in the presence of a densified fluid, for example, by reacting an oxidizing agent with a precursor to the antimicrobial agent.
1. An antimicrobial composition comprising a densified fluid and an antimicrobial agent selected from the group consisting of a halogen antimicrobial agent, a peroxycarboxylic acid antimicrobial agent, a carboxylic acid antimicrobial agent, a phenolic antimicrobial agent, or a combination thereof, the antimicrobial agent being at least 0.01% by weight of the composition and soluble in the densified fluid.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the densified fluid comprises a near critical, critical, or supercritical fluid.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluid comprises carbon dioxide, water, xenon, argon, krypton, ammonia, methane, ethane, propane, methanol, isopropanol, or a mixture thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the phenolic antimicrobial agent comprises phenol, BHT, mandelic acid, or salicylic acid, or a combination thereof.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the halogen antimicrobial agent comprises an interhalide, a polyhalide, a dibromodimethylhydantoin, chlorine, bromine, chlorine dioxide, hypochlorous acid, hypobromous acid, and mixtures thereof.
6. The composition of claim 5 , further comprising an oxidizing agent.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, ozone, or a mixture thereof.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the peroxycarboxylic acid antimicrobial agent comprises a peroxyacetic acid, a peroxyheptanoic acid, a peroxyoctanoic acid, a peroxynonanoic acid, peroxyformic acid, peroxycitric acid, peroxyglycolic acid, peroxylactic acid, or a combination thereof.
9. The composition of claim 8 , further comprising an oxidizing agent and a carboxylic acid.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the carboxylic acid comprises acetic acid, butyric acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, or a combination thereof.
11. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, ozone, or a mixture thereof.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid antimicrobial agent comprises acetic acid, butyric acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, or a combination thereof.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the densified fluid comprises carbon dioxide, the antimicrobial agent comprises peroxyacetic acid, and the composition further comprises hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid.
14. The composition of claim 13 , comprising about 1 to about 20 parts acetic acid, about 0.1 to about 10 parts H 2 O 2 , and about 0.1 to about 20 parts peroxyacetic acid for each 10 to 10,000 parts of carbon dioxide.
15. The composition of claim 14 , further comprising about 0.01 to about 0.9 parts phosphonate stabilizing agent and about 0.01 to about 100 parts deionized (DI) water for each about 10 to about 10,000 parts of carbon dioxide.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the phosphonate stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, amino(trimethylenephosphonic acid)) (N[CH 2 PO 3 H 2 ] 3 ), and ethylenediamine[tetra(methylenephosphonic acid)].