Adhesive composite coating for diamond and diamond-containing materials and method for producing said coating
The inventive coating for diamond and diamond-containing materials represents a coupling of an internal layer, made of tungsten carbide, with an external tungsten layer, both layers being fluorine alloyed. The inventive coating makes it possible to ensure a good adhesion of diamonds and diamond-containing materials to a backing. Methods for applying said coatings are also disclosed.
1. A coating on diamonds and diamond-bearing materials comprising a layer of tungsten alloyed with fluorine in an amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt %.
2. A coating on diamonds and diamond-bearing materials comprising a layer of tungsten monocarbide WC alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % and a tungsten layer alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten monocarbide.
3. A coating in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the tungsten carbide layer has a thickness of 0.1–10 μm and the tungsten layer has a thickness of 0.1–10μm with a thickness ratio of the tungsten carbide to tungsten layers being from 1:1 to 1:100.
4. A coating comprising a layer of tungsten monocarbide WC alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt %, a layer of tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten monocarbide, and a tungsten layer alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten semi-carbide.
5. A coating comprising a layer of tungsten monocarbide WC alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt %, a layer of tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten monocarbide, a layer of tungsten subcarbide W 3 C alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten semi-carbide, and a tungsten layer alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten subcarbide.
6. A coating comprising a layer of tungsten monocarbide WC alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt %, a layer of tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten monocarbide, a layer of tungsten subcarbide W 3 C alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten semi-carbide, a layer of tungsten subcarbide W 12 C alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten subcarbide W 3 C and a tungsten layer alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten subcarbide W 2 C.
7. A coating comprising a layer of tungsten monocarbide WC alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt %, a layer of tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten monocarbide, a layer of tungsten subcarbide W 12 C alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % is applied on top of the said layer of tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C and a tungsten layer alloyed with fluorine in the amount of 0.0004 to 0.3 wt % applied on top of the said layer of tungsten subcarbide W 12 C.
8. A process for applying a coating to a substrate consisting of diamonds or diamond-bearing materials, comprising placing the substrate in a medium of a charge containing an inert filler and at least one of an alloy consisting of powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine, the powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine comprising 0.003–5 wt % of the total weight of the charge, and heating to 700–1200° C.
9. A process in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the process is carried out at a temperature of 700–800° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.003–0.7 wt %, producing a coating of tungsten alloyed with fluorine.
10. A process in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the process is carried out at 950–1200° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.05–3 wt % for approximately 10 minutes, producing a coating consisting of tungsten monocarbide WC alloyed with fluorine.
11. A process in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the process is carried out at 950–1200° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.05–3 wt % for more than 10 minutes, producing a coating consisting of an internal layer of tungsten monocarbide WC and an external layer of tungsten.
12. A process in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the process is carried out at 920–1150° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.01–2.5 wt % for approximately 12 minutes, producing a coating of tungsten monocarbide WC and tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C.
13. A process in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the process is carried out at 920–1150° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.01–2.5 wt % for more than 12 minutes, producing a coating consisting of an internal layer containing tungsten monocarbide WC and tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C, and an external tungsten layer.
14. A process in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the process is carried out at 900–1100° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.008–2.0 wt % for approximately 15 minutes, producing a coating containing tungsten monocarbide WC, tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C and tungsten subcarbide W 3 C.
15. A process in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the process is carried out at 900–1100° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.008–2.0 wt % for more than 15 minutes, producing a coating consisting of an internal layer containing tungsten monocarbide WC, tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C and tungsten subcarbide W 3 C, and an external tungsten layer.
16. A process in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the process is carried out at 850–1050° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.005–1.5 wt % for approximately 17 minutes, producing a coating containing tungsten mono-carbide WC, tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C and a mixture of tungsten sub-carbides W 3 C and W 12 C.
17. A process in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the process is carried out at 850–1050° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.005–1.5 wt % for more than 17 minutes, producing a coating consisting of an internal layer containing tungsten mono-carbide WC, tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C and a mixture of tungsten sub-carbides W 3 C and W 12 C, and an external tungsten layer.
18. A process in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the process is carried out at 800–1000° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.004–1.0 wt % for approximately 20 minutes, producing a coating layer containing tungsten mono-carbide WC, tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C and tungsten subcarbide W 12 C.
19. A process in accordance with claim 14 , wherein the process is carried out at 800–1000° C. in a charge with a powdered tungsten alloyed with fluorine content of 0.004–1.0 wt % for more than 20 minutes, producing a coating consisting of an internal layer containing tungsten monocarbide WC, tungsten semi-carbide W 2 C and tungsten subcarbide W 12 C, and an external tungsten layer.
20. A process for applying a coating to a substrate consisting of diamonds or diamond-bearing materials, comprising the following steps:
a) placing the diamond substrate in a chemical vapour deposition reactor with a mixer,
b) evacuating the reactor to 10 Pa,
c) heating the said substrate,
d) supplying tungsten hexafluoride and hydrogen to the reactor,
e) holding the substrate for such time as is necessary to form the tungsten layer on the substrate,
f) shutting off the supply of tungsten hexafluoride arid hydrogen,
g) evacuating the reactor to 0.01 Pa,
h) reheating (annealing) of the substrate up to the temperature necessary to form tungsten carbides,
i) and holding the substrate for the time necessary for the tungsten carbides to form.
21. A process in accordance with claim 20 , wherein the process is carried out at a reactor pressure of 2–150 kPa and temperature of the substrate of 400–800° C., a ratio of tungsten hexafluoride to hydrogen is 0.01–0.3, and the substrate is annealed at 800–1200° C. in a vacuum of not more than 0.01 Pa.
22. A process in accordance with claim 21 , wherein the annealing of the substrate is carried out at 1100–1200° C., producing a coating consisting of an internal layer of tungsten monocarbide WC and an external tungsten layer.
23. A process in accordance with claim 21 , wherein the annealing of the substrate is carried out at 1000–1100° C., producing a coating consisting of an internal layer of tungsten monocarbide WC and tungsten semicarbide W 2 C and an external tungsten layer.
24. A process in accordance with claim 21 , wherein the annealing of the substrate is carried out at 950–1000° C., producing a coating consisting of an external layer of tungsten monocarbide WC, tungsten semicarbide W 2 C and tungsten subcarbide W 3 C, and an external tungsten layer.
25. A process in accordance with claim 21 , wherein the annealing of the substrate is earned out at 850–950° C., producing a coating consisting of an internal layer of tungsten monocarbide WC, tungsten semicarbide W 2 C and a mixture of tungsten subcarbides W 3 C and W 12 C, and an external tungsten layer.
26. A process in accordance with claim 21 , wherein the annealing of the substrate is carried out at 800–850° C., producing a coating consisting of an internal layer of tungsten monocarbide WC, tungsten semicarbide W 2 C and tungsten subcarbide W 12 C, and an external tungsten layer.