Methods of drug delivery using sulphated chitinous polymers
The present invention provides methods and compositions for delivering a therapeutic agent across a membrane that has limited permeability for the therapeutic agent. The method includes delivering the therapeutic agent to the membrane in a composition which includes a sulphated chitinous polymer as a primary carrier.
1. A method of delivering a therapeutic agent across a membrane formed of cells selected from a group consisting of endothelial cells and epithelial cells by improving the permeability for said therapeutic agent across said membrane, comprising the step of delivering a composition including said therapeutic agent and a sulphated carboxymethylchitosan or a salt thereof as a primary carrier to said membrane, wherein said therapeutic agent is not said sulphated carboxymethylchitosan or a salt thereof; and
wherein the permeability of said membrane for said therapeutic agent is improved relative to the permeability of said therapeutic agent across said membrane without the addition of said sulphated carboxymethylchitosan or a salt thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said membrane is located on a body part selected from the group consisting of the nose, oral cavity, stomach, intestine, vagina, skin and eye of a subject.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and fragments thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said therapeutic agent is a peptide having a molecular weight between about 700 and about 5000 daltons.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said therapeutic agent is a protein having a molecular weight between about 5000 and about 500,000 daltons.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic agent has a molecular weight between about 100 and about 700 daltons.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic agent is a therapeutic macromolecule.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said therapeutic macromolecule is a heparin.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sulphated carboxymethylchitosan or a salt thereof has a degree of sulphation of between about 0.03 and 1.0.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said sulphated carboxymethylchitosan or a salt thereof has a degree of sulphation of between about 0.1 and about 1.0.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said sulphated carboxymethylchitosan or a salt thereof has a degree of sulphation between about 0.1 and about 0.6.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said sulphated carboxymethylchitosan or a salt thereof has a degree of sulphation between about 0.2 and about 0.4.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises a permeation enhancer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said permeation enhancer comprises a surfactant.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein said permeation enhancer is selected from the group consisting of docusate sodium, docusate calcium, docusate potassium, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium caprylate, sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium glycocholate, and mixtures thereof.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said permeation enhancer is docusate sodium.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises a protecting agent.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said protecting agent is selected from the group consisting of a protease inhibitor, a stabilizing agent, and mixtures thereof.