Bioequivalence test for iron-containing formulations
A rapid method for assessing the bioequivalence of iron in iron-supplement formulations, particularly iron-sucrose formulations is described, which is based upon the kinetics of reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) in a sample of the formulation. Quality control methods and associated kits also are described.
1. A method of assessing bioequivalence of iron colloids in an iron-carbohydrate complex for administering to a subject, comprising:
contacting the complex with a reducing agent;
determining a T 75 for the reduction kinetics of the complex; wherein a T 75 of less than about 20 minutes indicates an effective bioequivalence of iron in the complex when administered to a subject.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate of the iron-carbohydrate complex comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextran, dextrin, gluconate, sorbitol and sucrose.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the carbohydrate comprises sucrose.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of reduced flavin mononucleotide, dithionite, thioglycolate, hydroquinone, lactate, citrate, bicarbonate, pyruvate, succinate, fructose, cysteine, sorbitol, and ascorbic acid.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the reducing agent comprises ascorbic acid.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is presented in an amount sufficient to drive the reduction of the complex to substantial completion.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is present in at least about a 50-fold excess to the iron-carbohydrate complex.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is in solution and has an acidic pH.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the solution has a pH of from about 1.0 to about 4.0.
10. A quality control method to identify a batch of iron-carbohydrate complexes having an effective bioequivalence for administering to a subject, comprising:
formulating a batch of iron-carbohydrate complexes;
contacting the complexes with a reducing agent;
determining a T 75 for the reduction kinetics of the complexes wherein a T 75 of less than about 20 minutes indicates that the batch of iron-carbohydrate complexes has an effective bioequivalence when administered to a subject.
11. A quality control method according to claim 10 , wherein the carbohydrate of the iron-carbohydrate complexes comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextran, dextrin, gluconate, sorbitol and sucrose.
12. A quality control method according to claim 11 , wherein the carbohydrate comprises sucrose.
13. A method of assessing bioequivalence of iron colloids in an iron-carbohydrate complex for administering to a subject, comprising:
contacting the complex with a reducing agent;
measuring the concentration of trivalent iron colloids over a period of time; and
obtaining a reduction reaction plot of Log(% trivalent iron colloid concentration) versus time, wherein a plot having an absolute linear regression with a correlation coefficient of not less than 0.98 indicates an effective bioequivalence of iron colloids in the complex when administered to a subject.
14. A quality control to identify a batch of iron-carbohydrate complexes having an effective bioequivalence for administering to a subject, comprising the steps of:
formulating a batch of iron-carbohydrate complexes;
contacting the complexes with a reducing agent;
measuring the concentration of trivalent iron colloids over a period of time; and
obtaining a reduction reaction plot of Log(% trivalent iron colloid concentration) versus time, when a plot having an absolute linear regression with a correlation coefficient of not less than 0.98 indicates that the batch of iron-carbohydrate complexes has an effective bioequivalence when administered to a subject.
15. The method according to claim 13 or 14 , wherein the carbohydrate of the iron-carbohydrate complex comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextran, dextrin, gluconate, sorbitol and sucrose.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the carbohydrate comprises sucrose.
17. The method according to claim 10 , 13 or 14 , wherein the reducing agent comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of reduced flavin mononucleotide, dithionite, thioglycolate, hydroquinone, lactate, citrate, bicarbonate, pyruvate, succinate, fructose, cysteine, sorbitol, and ascorbic acid.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the reducing agent comprises ascorbic acid.
19. The method according to claim 10 , 13 or 14 , wherein the reducing agent is present in an amount sufficient to drive the reduction of the complex to substantial completion.
20. The method according to claim 10 , 13 or 14 , wherein the reducing agent is present in at least about a 50-fold excess to the iron-carbohydrate complex.
21. The method according to claim 10 , 13 or 14 , wherein the reducing agent is in solution and has an acidic pH.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the solution has a pH of from about 1.0 to about 4.0.
23. The method of claim 10 or 14 , wherein formulating the batch of iron-carbohydrate complexes comprises:
contacting a saturated ferric ion solution with an alkali to obtain colloidal ferric hydroxide gel;
washing the gel with water to remove any by-product; and
adding saturated sucrose solution to the washed gel.
24. The method of claim 10 or 14 , wherein formulating the batch of iron-carbohydrate complexes comprises:
contacting a saturated ferric chloride solution with a sodium carbonate solution to obtain colloidal ferric hydroxide gel;
washing the gel with water to remove sodium chloride;
adding saturated sucrose solution to the washed gel to obtain a final elemental iron concentration of about 20 mg/ml;
adjusting the pH to about 10.7; and
mixing the solution at about 90° C. for about 3 hours.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the sodium carbonate solution is 10% w/v sodium carbonate solution.