In-situ chemical-mechanical planarization pad metrology using ultrasonic imaging

1. A method of monitoring chemical-mechanical polishing pads, the method comprising:

transmitting ultrasonic signals onto the surface of a polishing pad using a contact ultrasonic transducer, wherein the ultrasonic signals are transmitted onto the surface of the polishing pad through a chemical polishing slurry and a portion of the ultrasonic signals are reflected;

detecting the reflected ultrasonic signals; and

processing the reflected ultrasonic signals, wherein the processing comprises measuring the reflectivity of the surface of the polishing pad to determine roughness of the polishing pad.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the processing comprises generating a surface topography image of the polishing pad based at least in part on the reflected ultrasonic signals.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising automatically adjusting a chemical-mechanical planarization process recipe based at least in part on the processed reflected ultrasonic signals.

4. A method of monitoring chemical-mechanical polishing pads, the method comprising:

receiving a chemical-mechanical planarization process recipe;

polishing a substrate with a polishing pad based on the received process recipe;

transmitting ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad while simultaneously polishing the substrate, wherein a portion of the ultrasonic signals are reflected;

collecting the reflected ultrasonic signals;

processing the reflected ultrasonic signals, wherein the processing comprises measuring the reflectivity of the surface of the polishing pad to determine roughness of the polishing pad; and

adjusting the process recipe based at least in part on the determined roughness of the polishing pad.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the process recipe is a polishing recipe.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein the process recipe is a conditioning recipe.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein the processing comprises generating a surface topography image of the polishing pad based at least in part on the reflected ultrasonic signals.

8. The method of claim 4 wherein the adjusting comprises using a computer processor to automatically adjust the process recipe based at least in part on the determined roughness of the polishing pad.

9. The method of claim 4 further comprising issuing a notification when the polishing pad requires replacement.

10. A method of monitoring chemical-mechanical polishing pads, the method comprising:

receiving a chemical-mechanical planarization process recipe;

polishing a substrate with a polishing pad based on the received process recipe;

transmitting ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad, wherein a portion of the ultrasonic signals are reflected;

collecting position data for each transmitted ultrasonic signal substantially simultaneously while transmitting the ultrasonic signals;

collecting the reflected ultrasonic signals;

correlating the collected position data with the reflected ultrasonic signals; and

generating surface topography images using the collected position data and the reflected ultrasonic signals, wherein the generating comprises measuring the reflectivity of the surface of the polishing pad to generate the surface topography images.

11. A method of monitoring chemical-mechanical polishing pads, the method comprising:

receiving a chemical-mechanical planarization process recipe selected by a user;

polishing a substrate with a polishing pad based on the selected process recipe;

immersing the substrate and polishing pad in deionized water;

transmitting ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad simultaneously while polishing, wherein a portion of the ultrasonic signals are reflected;

detecting the reflected ultrasonic signals; processing the reflected ultrasonic signals, wherein the processing comprises measuring the reflectivity of the surface of the polishing pad to determine roughness of the polishing pad; and

adjusting the process recipe based at least in part on the determined roughness of the polishing pad.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the adjusting comprises using a computer processor to automatically adjust the process recipe based at least in part on the determined roughness of the polishing pad.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the process recipe is a polishing recipe.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein the process recipe is a conditioning recipe.

15. The method of claim 11 wherein the processing comprises generating a surface topography image of the polishing pad.

16. The method of claim 11 wherein the processing comprises generating a statistical process control chart.

17. A method of monitoring chemical-mechanical polishing pads, the method comprising:

receiving a chemical-mechanical planarization process recipe;

polishing a substrate with a polishing pad based on the selected process recipe;

transmitting ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad simultaneously while polishing, wherein a portion of the ultrasonic signals are reflected;

detecting the reflected ultrasonic signals; processing the reflected ultrasonic signals, wherein the processing comprises measuring the reflectivity of the surface of the polishing pad to determine roughness of the polishing pad; and

receiving adjustments to the process recipe during the polishing.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the processing comprises generating a surface topography image of the polishing pad.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein the processing comprises generating a statistical process control chart.

20. A method of monitoring substrate polishing pads, the method comprising:

transmitting ultrasonic signals onto the surface of a polishing pad, wherein a portion of the ultrasonic signals are reflected;

detecting the reflected ultrasonic signals;

processing the reflected ultrasonic signals to monitor the polishing pad, wherein the processing comprises measuring the reflectivity of the surface of the polishing pad to generate a surface topography image of the polishing pad based at least in part on the reflected ultrasonic signals.

21. A method of monitoring substrate polishing pads, the method comprising:

receiving a process recipe;

polishing a substrate with a polishing pad based on the received process recipe;

transmitting ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad while simultaneously polishing the substrate, wherein a portion of the ultrasonic signals are reflected;

collecting the reflected ultrasonic signals;

processing the reflected ultrasonic signals, wherein the processing comprises measuring the reflectivity of the surface of the polishing pad to determine physical properties of the polishing pad, wherein determining the physical properties comprises generating a surface topography image of the polishing pad based at least in part on the reflected ultrasonic signals; and

adjusting the process recipe based at least in part on the determined physical properties of the polishing pad.

22. The method of claim 1 wherein the chemical polishing slurry comprises deionized water.

23. The method of claim 1 wherein the processing comprises generating a cross-sectional pad profile based at least in part on the reflected ultrasonic signals.

24. The method of claim 1 wherein the processing further comprises resolving approximately micron-sized properties of the polishing pad.

25. The method of claim 4 wherein the transmitting further comprises using a contact ultrasonic transducer to transmit ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad through a chemical polishing slurry.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the chemical polishing slurry comprises deionized water.

27. The method of claim 4 wherein the processing comprises generating a cross-sectional pad profile based at least in part on the reflected ultrasonic signals.

28. The method of claim 4 wherein the processing further comprises resolving approximately micron-sized properties of the polishing pad.

29. The method of claim 10 wherein the transmitting further comprises using a contact ultrasonic transducer to transmit ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad through a chemical polishing slurry.

30. The method of claim 29 wherein the chemical polishing slurry comprises deionized water.

31. The method of claim 10 wherein the processing comprises generating a cross-sectional pad profile based at least in part on the reflected ultrasonic signals.

32. The method of claim 10 wherein the processing further comprises resolving approximately micron-sized properties of the polishing pad.

33. The method of claim 11 wherein the transmitting further comprises using a contact ultrasonic transducer to transmit ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad through the deionized water.

34. The method of claim 11 wherein the processing comprises generating a cross-sectional pad profile based at least in part on the reflected ultrasonic signals.

35. The method of claim 11 wherein the processing further comprises resolving approximately micron-sized properties of the polishing pad.

36. The method of claim 17 wherein the transmitting further comprises using a contact ultrasonic transducer to transmit ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad through a chemical polishing slurry.

37. The method of claim 36 wherein the chemical polishing slurry comprises deionized water.

38. The method of claim 17 wherein the processing comprises generating a cross-sectional pad profile based at least in part on the reflected ultrasonic signals.

39. The method of claim 17 wherein the processing further comprises resolving approximately micron-sized properties of the polishing pad.

40. The method of claim 20 wherein the transmitting further comprises using a contact ultrasonic transducer to transmit ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad through a chemical polishing slurry.

41. The method of claim 21 wherein the transmitting further comprises using a contact ultrasonic transducer to transmit ultrasonic signals onto the surface of the polishing pad through a chemical polishing slurry.