Signal processing method for in-situ, scanned-beam particle monitoring
A novel method for analyzing the pulse train resulting from a scanned beam particle monitor is described. The method enhances signal-to-noise ratio and significantly reduces particle false alarm rate. Performed in the time domain, the method filters noise pulses that do not occur at the scanner frequency. The analysis further identifies particle-pulse-envelopes (PPE's) by performing a forward-looking and backward-looking autocorrelation. Gaussian fits are subsequently applied to identified particle-pulse envelopes, to determine particle characteristics, such as size and speed.
1. A method for processing a scattered light signal to determine the presence of particles in a scanned measurement volume, said method comprising the steps of:
applying a scanning light beam onto a measurement volume;
detecting scattered light pulses from particles moving through said measurement volume; and
processing the detected light pulses, including the steps of:
determining the existence of multiple pulse events representative of a scanned particle in a time domain by generating a corresponding particle pulse envelope (PPE) in order to segregate particles moving in the measurement volume from noise; said envelope generating step including steps of:
identifying a second pulse adjacent to a first pulse in the time domain, said second pulse being spaced substantially one scanner period from said first pulse; and
identifying a plurality of pulses adjacent to said first and second pulses indicative of a pulse envelope representative of a single particle in said measurement volume wherein said step of identifying a plurality of pulses includes the steps of forward and reverse autocorrelating said pulses over a predetermined time period to determine the size of said pulse envelope.
2. A method according to claim 1 , including the step of:
segregating single pulse events as detected light pulses for purposes of counting particles in said measurement volume.
3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein said segregating step includes the step of determining if the pulse amplitude exceeds a discriminator threshold setting.
4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the discrimination threshold setting is set to at least three times that of background noise level.
5. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the discrimination threshold setting is set to at least four times that of background noise level.
6. A method according to claim 1 , including the steps of:
converting the light pulses into electrical pulses; and
processing the converted electrical pulses in the time domain to detect the existence of multiple pulses indicative of a particle being multiply contacted by the scanning light beam.
7. A method according to claim 6 , including the step of discriminating all converted electrical pulses and filtering all pulses falling below a predetermined threshold.
8. A method according to claim 7 , including the step of determining the peak amplitudes of the converted electrical pulses.
9. A method according to claim 1 , including the step of applying a Gaussian fit to said pulse envelope.
10. A method according to claim 9 , including the step of measuring the peak amplitude of the pulse envelope to determine the size of the particle.
11. A method according to claim 9 , including the step of measuring the width of the pulse envelope to determine the speed of the particle.
12. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said method is performed in a process chamber.
13. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said method is performed in a pump line of a processing tool.
14. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said method is performed on line.
15. A method according to claim 1 , including the step of storing the pulse values and performing each of the processing steps remotely from detection apparatus.
16. A method for distinguishing noise from particle counts in a scattered light beam, said process including the steps of:
transmitting a light beam into a measurement volume containing particles of varying speed and size;
detecting at least one scattered light pulse from said measurement volume;
converting said at least one light pulses into an electrical signal;
determining the amplitudes of said at least one pulse;
counting said pulse if the amplitude of said at least one pulse exceed a threshold discriminator threshold which is equal to at least three times the highest value of a background noise level.
17. A method according to claim 16 , wherein said threshold level is equal to at least four times the highest value of the background noise level.
18. A method for processing a scattered light signal to determine the presence of particles in a scanned measurement volume, said method comprising the steps of:
applying a scanning light beam onto a measurement volume;
detecting scattered light pulses from particles moving through said measurement volume; and
processing the detected light pulses, including the step of determining the existence of multiple pulse events representative of a scanned particle in a time domain by generating a corresponding particle pulse envelope (PPE) in order to segregate particles moving in the measurement volume from noise, said method further including the step of counting pulses having an amplitude exceeding a threshold discriminator threshold which is equal to at least three times the highest value of a background noise level.
19. A method for effectively measuring particles passing through a measurement volume, said process including the steps of:
scanning a light beam into said measurement volume at a predetermined frequency;
detecting light pulses scattered from the moving particles; and
determining the presence of pulse envelopes indicative of multiple contacts with a particle over a scanning period by:
identifying a second pulse adjacent to a first pulse in a time domain, said second pulse being spaced substantially one scanner period from said first pulse; and
identifying a plurality of pulses adjacent to said first and second pulses indicative of a pulse envelope representative of a single particle in said measurement volume by forward and reverse autocorrelating said pulses over a predetermined time period to determine the size of said pulse envelope.
20. A method according to claim 19 , including the step of:
segregating single pulse events as detected light pulses for purposes of counting particles in said measurement volume.
21. A method according to claim 20 , wherein said segregating step includes the step of determining if the pulse amplitude exceeds a discriminator threshold setting.
22. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the discrimination threshold setting is set to at least three times that of the background noise level.
23. A method according to claim 21 , wherein the discrimination threshold setting is set to at least four times that of the background noise level.
24. A process according to claim 19 , including the steps of:
converting the light pulses into electrical pulses; and
processing the converted electrical pulses in a time domain to detect the existence of multiple pulses indicative of a particle being multiply contacted by the scanning light beam.
25. A method according to claim 24 , including the step of discriminating all converted electrical pulses and filtering all pulses falling below a predetermined threshold.
26. A method according to claim 25 , including the step of determining the peak amplitudes of the converted electrical pulses.
27. A method according to claim 19 , including the step of applying a Gaussian fit to each said determined pulse envelope.
28. A method according to claim 27 , including the step of measuring the peak amplitude of each pulse envelope to determine the size of the corresponding particle.
29. A method according to claim 28 , including the step of measuring the width of each pulse envelope to determine the speed of the corresponding particle.
30. A method according to claim 19 , wherein said method is performed in a process chamber.
31. A method according to claim 19 , wherein said method is performed in a pump line of a processing tool.
32. A method according to claim 19 , wherein said method is performed on line.
33. A method according to claim 19 , including the step of storing the detected pulse values and performing each of the processing steps remotely from detection apparatus.