This invention relates to a composite laminate, a layup and preform for such a composite laminate and to a method of manufacturing the composite laminate. The layup ( 28 ), preform and composite laminate ( 22 ) include at least one ply ( 20 ) which includes hairy yarn ( 10 ). The action of the hairy yarn ( 10 ) is to provide cross ply linking owing to the extension of fibers from the hairy yarn into spaces both within the ply and between the plies. The addition of resin matrix material ( 26 ) to layup provides a firm cross ply linkage to the composite laminate.
1. A composite laminate comprising a layup of fibre plies bonded in a matrix material, wherein at least one fibre ply is of non-woven fibres and said at least one fibre ply including at least one hairy yarn.
2. A composite laminate according to claim 1 in which each of the non-woven plies includes a hairy yarn.
3. A composite laminate according to claim 1 in which the non-woven plies comprise from 0.5% to 90% hairy yarn by mass of fibres.
4. A composite laminate according to claim 3 in which the non-woven plies comprise from 2% to 20% hairy yarn by mass of fibre.
5. A composite laminate according to claim 1 in which the hairy yarn is constructed from fibres of one or more materials spun or twisted together or bound together by means such as resin.
6. A composite laminate according to claim 5 in which the hairy yarn is constructed from fibres of carbon, glass, aramid or PBO.
7. A composite laminate according to claim 1 in which the plies are formed from tows and in which strands of hairy yarn are substituted for tows.
8. A composite laminate according to claim 1 in which fibres of each ply used in the composite are arranged in directions of 0° and ±20° to 90°.
9. A composite laminate according to claim 7 in which the fibres are arranged in directions of 0°, +45°, −45°, and/or 90°.
10. A method of producing a composite laminate comprising the steps of:
forming a layup of fibre plies, at least one of said fibre plies is non-woven and includes a hairy yarn,
applying to the layup a bonding matrix, and
hardening the matrix to form the composite laminate.
11. A composite laminate comprising a layup of fibre plies bonded in a matrix material, wherein at least one fibre ply is of non-woven fibres and said at least one fibre ply including at least one hairy yarn, wherein the hairy yarn is arranged such that short lengths of fibre protruding out from the main orientation of the fibres of the hairy yarn in one ply interact with those in another ply.
12. A composite laminate according to claim 11 in which each of the non-woven plies includes a hairy yarn.
13. A composite laminate according to claim 11 in which the non-woven plies comprise from 0.5% to 90% hairy yarn by mass of fibres.
14. A composite laminate according to claim 13 in which the non-woven plies comprise from 2% to 20% hairy yarn by mass of fibre.
15. A composite laminate according to claim 11 in which hairy yarn in one ply crosses over hairy yarn in another.
16. A composite laminate according to claim 11 in which the hairy yarn is constructed from fibres of one or more materials spun or twisted together or bound together by means such as resin.
17. A composite laminate according to claim 16 in which the hairy yarn is constructed from fibres of carbon, glass, aramid or PBO.
18. A composite laminate according to claim 11 in which the plies are formed from tows and in which strands of hairy yarn are substituted for tows.
19. A composite laminate according to claim 11 in which fibres of each ply used in the composite are arranged in directions of 0° and ±20° to 90°.
20. A composite laminate according to claim 18 in which the fibres are arranged in directions of 0°, +45°, −45°, and/or 90°.