In situ recovery from a kerogen and liquid hydrocarbon containing formation
In an embodiment, a method of treating a kerogen and liquid hydrocarbon containing formation in situ may include providing heat from one or more heat sources to at least a portion of the formation. Heat may be allowed to transfer from the one or more heat sources to a part of the formation. In some embodiments, at least a portion of liquid hydrocarbons in the part may be mobilized. At least a portion of kerogen in the part may be pyrolyzed. In certain embodiments, a pressure within at least a part of the formation may be controlled. The pressure may be controlled to be at least about 2.0 bars absolute. A mixture may be produced from the formation.
1. A method for treating a kerogen and liquid hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising:
providing heat from one or more heaters to at least a portion of the formation;
allowing the heat to transfer from the one or more heaters to a selected section of the formation;
mobilizing at least a portion of the liquid hydrocarbons in the selected section;
pyrolyzing at least a portion of the kerogen in the selected section; and
producing a mixture from the formation.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing a permeability of the selected section.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing a permeability of at least a portion of the formation, wherein at least some of the liquid hydrocarbons in the selected section are mobilized due to the increase in the permeability of at least a portion the formation.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
vaporizing at least a portion of aqueous fluids in the selected section; and
increasing a permeability of the selected section.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising allowing thermal fractures to form in the formation, wherein the thermal fractures increase the permeability of the selected section.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pyrolyzing at least a portion of the mobilized liquid hydrocarbons in the selected section of the formation.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more heaters comprise at least two heaters, and wherein superposition of heat from at least two heaters pyrolyzes at least some kerogen in the selected section of the formation.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more heaters comprise at least two heaters, and wherein an average spacing between adjacent heaters is greater than about 20 m.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is produced through two or more production wells, and wherein an average spacing between adjacent production wells is greater than about 60 m.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is produced through two or more production wells, and wherein an average spacing between adjacent production wells is greater than about 80 m.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more heaters are placed horizontally in the formation.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is produced through one or more production wells, wherein the one or more production wells are placed horizontally in the formation.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the heaters comprises a length of at least about 1000 m.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is produced through one or more production wells, and wherein the one or more production wells are placed vertically in the formation.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the mixture produced from the formation comprises CO 2 , and wherein the produced CO 2 is used for enhanced oil recovery.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid hydrocarbons have an API gravity of at least about 28°.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid hydrocarbons have an API gravity between about 10° and about 20°.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is produced from the formation when a partial pressure of hydrogen in at least a portion the formation is at least about 0.5 bars.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat provided from at least one heater is transferred to at least a portion of the formation substantially by conduction.
20. A method of treating a kerogen and liquid hydrocarbon containing formation in situ, comprising:
providing heat from one or more heaters to at least a portion of the formation;
allowing the heat to transfer from the one or more heaters to a part of the formation;
controlling a pressure in at least a portion of the part, wherein the controlled pressure is at least about 2 bars absolute; and
producing a mixture from the formation.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising mobilizing at least some liquid hydrocarbons in the part.
22. The method of claim 20 , further comprising pyrolyzing at least some kerogen in the part.
23. The method of claim 20 , further comprising pyrolyzing at least some liquid hydrocarbons in the part.
24. The method of claim 20 , further comprising pyrolyzing at least some kerogen in the part, thereby allowing at least some liquid hydrocarbons to be mobilized in the part.
25. The method of claim 20 , wherein allowing the heat to transfer comprises transferring heat substantially by conduction.
26. The method of claim 20 , wherein allowing the heat to transfer increases a permeability of a majority of the part such that the permeability of the majority of the part is substantially uniform.
27. The method of claim 20 , further comprising increasing a permeability of at least a portion of the part of the formation, wherein at least some of the liquid hydrocarbons in the part are mobilized due to the increase in the permeability.
28. The method of claim 20 , further comprising controlling the heat provided by the one or more heaters such that an average temperature in at least a majority of the part of the formation is less than about 370° C.
29. The method of claim 20 , further comprising controlling the heat provided by the one or more heaters such that production of a substantial amount of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers greater than 25 is inhibited.
30. The method of claim 20 , further comprising controlling the heat provided by the one or more heaters such that an average heating rate of the part is less than about 1° C. per day during pyrolysis.
31. The method of claim 20 , further comprising providing heat from at least two heaters, wherein superposition of heat from at least two heaters pyrolyzes at least some kerogen or liquid hydrocarbons in the part of the formation.
32. The method of claim 20 , wherein at least one of the heaters comprises an electrical heater.
33. The method of claim 20 , wherein at least one of the heaters comprises a surface burner.
34. The method of claim 20 , wherein at least one of the heaters comprises a flameless distributed combustor.
35. The method of claim 20 , wherein at least one of the heaters comprises a natural distributed combustor.
36. The method of claim 20 , wherein at least one heater is placed substantially horizontally in the formation.
37. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more heaters comprise at least two heaters, and wherein a spacing between adjacent heaters is greater than about 20 m.
38. The method of claim 20 , wherein at least one of the heaters comprises a length of at least about 1000 m.
39. The method of claim 20 , further comprising producing the mixture through one or more production wells.
40. The method of claim 39 , wherein at least one production well is placed substantially horizontally in the formation.
41. The method of claim 39 , wherein at least one production well is placed substantially vertically in the formation.
42. The method of claim 39 , wherein the one or more production wells comprise at least two production wells, and wherein an average spacing between adjacent production wells is greater than about 60 m.
43. The method of claim 39 , wherein the one or more production wells comprise at least two production wells, and wherein an average spacing between adjacent production wells is greater than about 80 m.
44. The method of claim 20 , wherein the mixture is produced from the formation when a partial pressure of hydrogen in at least a portion the formation is at least about 0.5 bars.
45. The method of claim 20 , further comprising controlling a temperature in at least a majority of the part of the formation, wherein the temperature is controlled as a function of pressure in the formation, or the temperature is controlled to control the pressure in the formation.
46. The method of claim 20 , further comprising controlling the pressure in the formation to inhibit production of hydrocarbons from the formation having carbon numbers greater than about 25.
47. The method of claim 20 , wherein about 0.1% by weight of the produced mixture to about 15% by weight of the produced mixture is olefins, and wherein an average carbon number of the produced mixture ranges from 1-25.
48. The method of claim 20 , wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons having an API gravity of at least about 25°.
49. The method of claim 20 , further comprising adding H 2 to the formation.
50. The method of claim 20 , wherein at least a portion of the mixture produced from the formation comprises CO 2 , and wherein the produced CO 2 is used for enhanced oil recovery.
51. The method of claim 20 , wherein the controlled pressure is between about 2 bars absolute and about 70 bars absolute.
52. The method of claim 20 , wherein the pressure is controlled in at least a majority of the part.
53. A method of treating a kerogen and liquid hydrocarbon containing formation in situ, comprising:
providing heat from one or more heaters to at least a portion of the formation;
allowing the heat to transfer from the one or more heaters to a part of the formation;
pyrolyzing at least some kerogen in the part such that at least some liquid hydrocarbons in the part are mobilized; and
producing a mixture from the formation.
54. The method of claim 53 , further comprising pyrolyzing at least some liquid hydrocarbons in the part.
55. The method of claim 53 , wherein allowing the heat to transfer comprises transferring heat substantially by conduction.
56. The method of claim 53 , wherein allowing the heat to transfer increases a permeability of a majority of the part such that the permeability of the majority of the part is substantially uniform.
57. The method of claim 53 , further comprising increasing a permeability of at least a portion of the part of the formation, wherein at least some of the liquid hydrocarbons in the part are mobilized due to the increase in the permeability.
58. The method of claim 53 , further comprising controlling the heat provided by the one or more heaters such that an average temperature in at least a majority of the part of the formation is less than about 370° C.
59. The method of claim 53 , further comprising controlling the heat provided by the one or more heaters such that production of a substantial amount of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers greater than 25 is inhibited.
60. The method of claim 53 , further comprising controlling the heat provided by the one or more heaters such that an average heating rate of the part is less than about 1° C. per day during pyrolysis.
61. The method of claim 53 , wherein at least one heater is placed substantially horizontally in the formation.
62. The method of claim 53 , wherein the one or more heaters comprise at least two heaters, and wherein a spacing between adjacent heaters greater than about 20 m.
63. The method of claim 53 , wherein at least one of the heaters comprises a length of at least about 1000 m.
64. The method of claim 53 , further comprising producing the mixture through one or more production wells.
65. The method of claim 53 , wherein about 0.1% by weight of the produced mixture to about 15% by weight of the produced mixture is olefins, and wherein an average carbon number of the produced mixture ranges from 1-25.
66. The method of claim 53 , wherein the produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons having an API gravity of at least about 25°.
67. The method of claim 53 , wherein the controlled pressure is greater than about 2 bars absolute and less than about 70 bars absolute.
68. The method of claim 53 , further comprising controlling a pressure in at least a majority of the part.