Inhibiting the formation of TCA in a Bayer causticisation process
An improved process for the causticisation of Bayer liquors in an alumina refinery, the process including the steps of reacting lime with aluminate ions in a Bayer liquor within a primary reactor under controlled conditions of low to moderate temperature (between 70-80° C.) and agitation, to form substantially only a hydrocalumite species and hydroxyl ions; and a secondary reactor wherein the hydrocalumite species formed is subjected to heating in contact with a Bayer liquor under controlled conditions so as to cause the hydrocalumite species to react with the liquor to form calcium carbonate, aluminate ions and hydroxyl ions, whereby a causticised Bayer liquor is obtained and wherein the efficiency of lime utilization is substantially increased and/or alumina losses are minimized.
1. A process for the stabilization of a hydrocalumite species comprising the steps of:
adding a calcium containing species in a first Bayer liquor so as to form the hydrocalumite species; and
adding an inhibitor that stabilizes the hydrocalumite species thereby inhibiting the formation of TCA or other by-products in the first Bayer liquor.
2. A process as defined in claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is added to the first Bayer liquor according to at least one of: prior to the formation of the hydrocalumite species, during the formation of the hydrocalumite species, and after the formation of the hydrocalumite species.
3. A process as defined in claim 2 wherein the inhibitor is an anionic or non-ionic surfactant.
4. A process as defined in claim 3 wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group comprising anionic homopolymers or co-polymers, including polyacrylic acid and its co-polymers with acrylamide and polymers bearing hydroxamate function groups, hydroxamic acids, humic and tannic acids, lignosulphonates, fatty acids, sulphonated carboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, polyhydroxy carboxylic acids, combinations thereof of their salts or derivatives or combinations thereof.
5. A process as defined in claim 4 wherein the anionic surfactant is gluconic acid.
6. A process as defined in claim 4 wherein the anionic surfactant is a gluconate.
7. A process as defined in claim 6 wherein the gluconate is sodium gluconate.
8. A process as defined in claim 3 wherein the anionic surfactant is a sugar or a polysaccharide.
9. A process as defined in claim 8 wherein the sugar is sucrose or glucose.
10. A process as defined in clam 8 wherein the polysaccharide is starch.
11. A process as defined in claim 2 further comprising the step of heating the first Bayer liquor.
12. A process as defined in claim 11 wherein the step of heating is conducted prior to the step of forming the hydrocalumite species.
13. A process as defined in claim 12 further comprising the step of heating the first Bayer liquor to a temperature in the range of 25° C. to 100° C.
14. A process as defined in claim 13 wherein the Bayer liquor is heated in the temperature range of 70° C. to 80° C.
15. A process as defined in claim 11 wherein the step of heating occurs after the addition of the inhibitor.
16. A process as defined in claim 15 wherein the first Bayer liquor is heated in the temperature range of 100° C. to 180° C.
17. A process as defined in claim 16 wherein the first Bayer liquor is heated in the temperature range of 120° C. to 140° C.
18. A process as defined in claim 2 further comprising the step of agitating the first Bayer liquor.
19. A process as defined in claim 2 further comprising the step of removing the stabilised hydrocalumite species.
20. A process as defined in claim 19 , wherein the step of removing the stabilised hydrocalumite species includes the step of filtering.
21. A process as defined in claim 20 , wherein the step of filtering is conducted under a vacuum.
22. A process as defined in claim 19 further comprising the step of washing the removed hydrocalumite species.
23. A process as defined in claim 22 , wherein the step of washing is conducted using deionised water.
24. A process as defined in claim 23 , wherein the step of washing with deionised water is conducted using hot deionised water.
25. A process as defined in claim 19 , further comprising the step of using at least a portion of the removed hydrocalumite to causticise a second Bayer liquor.