Method of making encapsulated display devices
An encapsulated display device. The device includes a substrate, an environmentally sensitive display device adjacent to the substrate, and at least one first barrier stack adjacent to the environmentally sensitive display device. The barrier stack encapsulates the environmentally sensitive display device. It includes at least one first barrier layer and at least one first polymer layer. The encapsulated display device optionally includes at least one second barrier stack located between the substrate and the environmentally sensitive display device. The second barrier stack includes at least one second barrier layer and at least one second polymer layer. A method for making an encapsulated display device is also disclosed.
1. A method of making an encapsulated display device comprising:
providing a first substrate having at least one barrier stack thereon, the first substrate having an edge, the at least one barrier stack comprising at least one first barrier layer and at least one first polymer layer, wherein an oxygen transmission rate through the at least one first barrier stack is less than 0.005 cc/m 2 /day at 23° C. and 0% relative humidity;
providing a second substrate, the second substrate having an edge;
placing the first substrate next to the second substrate so that there is a space between the first and second substrate,
forming a seal between the edge of the first substrate and the edge of the second substrate, the seal having an opening therein;
introducing a liquid into the space between the first and second substrate through the opening in the seal, the liquid selected from liquid crystals and electrophoretic inks; and
closing the opening in the seal to form the encapsulated display device.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein providing a first substrate having at least one barrier stack thereon comprises depositing the at least one first barrier stack adjacent to the first substrate.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the at least one first barrier stack is vacuum deposited.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the at least one first barrier layer is vacuum deposited and the at least one first polymer layer is deposited.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein providing a first substrate having at least one barrier stack thereon comprises laminating the at least one first barrier stack adjacent to the first substrate.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the at least one first barrier stack is laminated using an adhesive.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the at least one first barrier stack is laminated using heat.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein the at least one first barrier stack is laminated using solder.
9. The method of claim 5 wherein the at least one first barrier stack is laminated using pressure.
10. The method of claim 5 wherein the at least one first barrier stack is laminated using ultrasonic welding.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising placing at least one second barrier stack comprising at least one second barrier layer and at least one second polymer layer adjacent to the second substrate before forming the seal between the edge of the first substrate and the edge of the second substrate.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein placing the at least one second barrier stack adjacent to the second substrate comprises depositing the at least one second barrier stack adjacent to the second substrate.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the at least on second barrier stack is vacuum deposited.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the at least one second barrer layer is vacuum depodited and the at least one second polymer layer is deposited.
15. The method of claim 11 wherein the at least one second barrier layer comprises two barrier layers.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein placing the at least one second barrier stack adjacent to the second substrate comprises laminating the at least one second barrier stack adjacent to the second substrate.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the at least one second barrier stack is laminated using a process selected from adhesive, heat, solder, pressure, ultrasonic welding.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one first barrier layer comprises two barrier layers.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the two barrier layers are deposited using the same deposition source.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein the two barrier layers are deposited using different deposition sources.
21. The method of claim 18 wherein the two barriers layers are vacuum deposited.
22. The method of claim 18 wherein the two barrier layers are made of the same barrier material.
23. The method of claim 18 wherein the two barrier layers are made of different barrier materials.
24. A method of making an encapsulated display device comprising:
providing a substrate having an environmentally sensitive display device therein; and
laminating at least one first barrier stack comprising at least one first barrier layer and at least one first polymer layer over the environmentally sensitive display device using solder to encapsulate the environmentally sensitive display device.
25. A method of making an encapsulated display device comprising:
providing a substrate;
placing a second barrier stack comprising at least one second barrier layer and at least one second polymer layer adjacent to the substrate;
placing an environmentally sensitive display device adjacent to the second barrier stack; and
placing at least one first barrier stack comprising at least one first barrier layer and at least one first polymer layer over the environmentally sensitive display device to encapsulate the environmentally sensitive display device; and
removing the substrate from the encapsulated environmentally sensitive display device.