Cancer drug screen based on cell cycle uncoupling
Checkpoint gene-defective human cells are useful for screening potential anti-tumor agents. Potential therapeutic agents are screened for the ability to cause DNA accumulation or cell death in a checkpoint gene-defective human cell.
1. A method of screening for potential anti-tumor agents, comprising the steps of:
determining apoptosis of homozygous checkpoint gene-defective human cells incubated in the presence and in the absence of a test compound, wherein the checkpoint gene encodes a negative regulator of cell cycle checkpoint selected from the group consisting of p21, p16, p15, p27, and p53;
selecting a test compound which causes apoptosis in the checkpoint defective cells.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the apoptosis of the cells is determined by staining the cells with a DNA-binding dye and observing chromosomes of the cells, condensation of the chromosomes indicating apoptosis of the cells.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the DNA-binding dye is H33258.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the apoptosis of the cells is determined by subjecting DNA of the cell to gel electrophoresis, wherein observation of a DNA ladder indicates apoptosis of the cells.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the apoptosis of the cells is determined by detecting abnormal breaks in DNA of the cells, wherein abnormal breaks in the DNA indicate apoptosis of the cells.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the abnormal breaks in the DNA are detected by terminal DNA transferase assay.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the abnormal breaks in the DNA are detected by nick translation assay.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the checkpoint gene is p53.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the checkpoint gene-defective human cells are colonic cells.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
determining apoptosis of checkpoint gene-normal human cells incubated in the presence and in the absence of the selected test compound;
identifying a selected test compound which preferentially causes apoptosis in the checkpoint gene-defective cells as compared to the checkpoint gene-normal cells.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the apoptosis of the cells is determined by staining the cells with a DNA-binding dye and observing chromosomes of the cells, condensation of the chromosomes indicating apoptosis of the cells.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the DNA-binding dye is H33258.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein the apoptosis of the cells is determined by subjecting DNA of the cell to gel electrophoresis, wherein observation of a DNA ladder indicates apoptosis of the cells.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein the apoptosis of the cells is determined by detecting abnormal breaks in DNA of the cells, wherein abnormal breaks in the DNA indicate apoptosis of the cells.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the abnormal breaks in the DNA are detected by terminal DNA transferase assay.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the abnormal breaks in the DNA are detected by nick translation assay.
17. The method of claim 10 wherein the checkpoint gene is p53.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the checkpoint gene-defective human cells are colonic cells.
19. A method of screening for potential anti-tumor agents, comprising the steps of:
determining apoptosis of homozygous checkpoint gene-defective human cells incubated in the presence and in the absence of a test compound, wherein the checkpoint gene is p21; determining apoptosis of checkpoint gene-normal human cells incubated in the presence and in the absence of the selected test compound; identifying a selected test compound which preferentially causes apoptosis in the checkpoint gene-defective cells as compared to the checkpoint gene-normal cells.
20. The method of claim 10 wherein the checkpoint gene-normal human cells and the checkpoint gene-defective human cells are isogenic.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the checkpoint gene-normal human cells and the checkpoint gene-defective human cells are isogenic.