Process for debittering peanut hearts
View Patent ↗The present invention involves methods for preparing a processed peanut product containing high levels of peanut hearts material, with the peanut heart material being substantially stripped of bitter taste so as to provide debittered peanut hearts of comparable taste to actual peanuts or as being flavorless without adversely affecting the taste of a foodstuff end product. The processed product includes whole or fragmented peanut hearts and peanut heart powder processed using alkaline wash, neutralization, and drying for inactivating enzymes and removing bitter flavoring components. The peanut heart materials are debittered by adjusting the pH to about 8 to about 12 with an alkali material (e.g., sodium hydroxide) to solubilize the protein content and release the bitter flavor compounds making it possible to separate such compounds by ultrafiltration. The alkali treated peanut heart material is neutralized with an acidic aqueous solution.
1. A method of obtaining peanut heart material substantially free of bitter taste and having improved peanut flavor, the method comprising:
(1) washing peanut heart material with an aqueous alkaline solution;
(2) separating and collecting the washed peanut heart material and the aqueous alkaline solution;
(3) repeating steps (1) and (2) until the peanut heart material is substantially free of bitter taste;
(4) neutralizing the alkaline-washed peanut heart material with a first aqueous acidic solution;
(5) treating the aqueous alkaline solution collected from at least the first separating and collecting step (2) in order to remove bitter compounds while maintaining flavor compounds or precursors therein;
(6) neutralizing the treated aqueous alkaline solution from step (5) with a second aqueous acidic solution;
(7) treating the neutralized alkaline-washed peanut heart material from step (4) with the neutralized aqueous alkaline solution from step (6); and
(8) drying the peanut hearts from step (7) to obtain the peanut heart material substantially free of bitter taste and having improved peanut flavor.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous alkaline solution collected from at least the first separating and collecting step (2) is treated with an enzyme having glycosidease activity in order to remove bitter compounds while maintaining flavor compounds or precursors therein.
3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the peanut heart material is blanched in hot or boiling water prior to step (1).
4. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the peanut heart material is blanched in hot or boiling water prior to step (1).
5. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous alkaline solution contains sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof.
6. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the aqueous alkaline solution contains sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof.
7. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein steps (2) and (3) are repeated about 4 to about 6 times.
8. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein steps (2) and (3) are repeated about 4 to about 6 times.
9. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous alkaline solution contains sodium hydroxide and wherein step (1) is carried out at about 25 to about 65° C.
10. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the aqueous alkaline solution contains sodium hydroxide and wherein step (1) is carried out at about 25 to about 65° C.
11. The method as recited in claim 5 , wherein sufficient aqueous alkaline solution is used in step (1) to obtain a pH of about 8 to about 12.
12. The method as recited in claim 6 , wherein sufficient aqueous alkaline solution is used in step (2) to obtain a pH of about 8 to about 12.
13. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein neutralizing the alkaline-washed peanut heart material is neutralized with an acidic aqueous solution to a pH of about 5 to about 7.5.
14. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein neutralizing the alkaline-washed whole or fragmented peanut heart material is neutralized with an acidic aqueous solution to a pH of about 5 to about 7.5.
15. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the peanut heart material from step (8) is roasted.
16. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the peanut heart material from step (8) is roasted.