Water treatment process for thermal heavy oil recovery
There is disclosed a method and apparatus for treating produced water from a heavy oil thermal recovery unit to achieve water recovery and recycle levels of greater than 80% and as high as 100% to achieve zero discharge criteria. The method includes the initial steps of capturing the waste heat energy from the high pressure steam separator located downstream of the steam generators. Further, transferring the heat energy into a heated separator and reboiler exchanger to distill oil reservoir produced water and recover distilled water and a concentrated brine or solid product. The heated separator concentrated stream is circulated through the reboiler exchanger to maintain from 1% to about 50% mass vapour in the stream returning to the heated separator and prevent fouling and scaling. The apparatus includes a low pressure waste energy separator, heated separator and vapour compressor in combination with a forced circulation circuit to generate the distilled water.
1. A method of recovering energy from water produced during heavy oil recovery, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a high pressure blowdown stream;
b) flashing said high pressure blowdown stream to form a low pressure waste energy stream and a concentrated blowdown stream;
c) preheating a produced water with said concentrated blowdown stream;
d) providing a fluid circulation circuit including a heated separator and a reboiler exchanger in fluid communication;
e) passing preheated produced water into said heated separator;
f) passing said low pressure waste energy stream into said reboiler exchanger for recovery of a heat energy;
g) vaporizing said preheated produced water with said low pressure waste energy stream in said reboiler exchanger to generate a vapor fraction and a concentrate liquid contaminant fraction;
h) circulating at least a portion of said concentrate liquid contaminant fraction through said reboiler exchanger and said heated separator to maintain a ratio of mass of concentrate to vapor fraction of between 300 and 2 to result in a vapor fraction of about 1% by mass to less than 50% by mass exiting said reboiler exchanger to prevent fouling and scaling in said reboiler exchanger;
i) condensing said vapor fraction with an external condensing means; and
j) collecting condensed vapor fraction and said low pressure waste energy stream substantially devoid of contaminants.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step g) further includes the stop of condensing a portion of said vapor fraction to form a distilled water when the energy level of said low pressure waste energy stream is insufficient for said heater separator.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein a further step includes subjecting said distilled water to a post-treatment protocol.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said post-treatment protocol is selected from the group consisting of filtration, ion exchange, advanced oxidation, adsorption and aeration.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a further step includes passing said vapor fraction into a solids crystallizer for extraction of energy contained in said vapor fraction to produce solid contaminants in said solids crystallizer from nonvolatile compounds present in said concentrate liquid contaminant fraction.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the quantity of said produced water vaporized is equivalent to the quantity of said low pressure waste energy stream formed.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said high pressure blowdown stream is subjected to a pretreatment protocol prior to said preheating.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein said pretreatment protocol is selected from the group, consisting of filtration, ion exchange, gravity separation, chemical treatment and stripping.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said mass contains 10% mass concentration of vapor.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said vapor fraction is condensed in a plate-plate heat exchanger.
11. A method of recovering energy from water produced during heavy oil recovery, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a high pressure blowdown stream;
b) flashing said high pressure blowdown stream to form a low pressure waste energy stream and a concentrated blowdown stream;
c) preheating a produced water with said concentrated blowdown stream;
d) providing a fluid circuit including a heated separator and a reboiler exchanger in communication;
e) providing a vapor circuit including said heated separator, and a compressor means;
f) passing said preheated produced water into said heated separator;
g) vaporizing said preheated produced water with said low pressure waste energy stream and a compressed vapor stream in said reboiler exchanger to generate a vapor fraction and concentrate liquid contaminant fraction;
h) treating said vapor fraction formed by said low pressure waste energy stream with an external condenser means;
i) recovering any remaining portion of said vapor fraction by said compressor means;
j) circulating at least a portion of said concentrate liquid contaminant fraction through said reboiler exchanger and said heated separator to maintain a ratio of mass of concentrate to vapor fraction of 300 to near 2 to result in a vapor fraction of near 1% by mass to less than 50% by mass exiting said reboiler exchanger to prevent fouling and scaling in said reboiler exchanger; and
k) collecting said condensed vapor fraction end said low pressure waste energy stream substantially devoid of contaminants.
12. A method of recovering energy from water produced during heavy oil recovery, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a high pressure blowdown stream;
b) flashing said high pressure blowdown steam to form a low pressure waste energy stream and concentrated blowdown stream;
c) preheating a produced water with said concentrated blowdown stream;
d) providing a fluid circulation circuit including a heated separator and a reboiler exchanger in fluid communication;
e) passing said produced water into said heated separator;
f) passing said low pressure stream waste energy stream into said reboiler exchanger;
g) vaporizing said preheated produced water with said low pressure waste energy stream in said reboiler exchanger to generate a first vapor fraction and a concentrate liquid contaminant fraction;
h) circulating at least a portion of said concentrate liquid contaminant fraction through said reboiler exchanger and said heated separator to maintain a ratio of mass of concentrate to vapor fraction of 300 to near 2 to result in a vapor fraction of near 1% by mass to less than 50% by mass exiting said reboiler exchanger to prevent fouling and scaling in said reboiler exchanger;
i) providing crystallization means and a crystallizer reboiler exchanger in communication with said vapor fraction;
j) removing a portion of said concentrate liquid contaminant fraction for feed to said crystallization means;
k) passing said vapor fraction into said reboiler exchanger for providing heat energy for precipitating solids from said concentrate liquid contaminant fraction;
l) creating a second vapor fraction from said crystallization means and a substantially solid fraction stream;
m) condensing said second vapor fraction with condenser means; and,
n) collecting a condensed first vapor fraction, a condensed second vapor fraction and a condensed waste energy stream.