Stable low-sulfur diesel blend of an olefinic blend component, a low-sulfur blend component, and a sulfur-free antioxidant
The present invention relates to a stable blended diesel fuel comprising an olefinic diesel fuel blending stock. The olefinic diesel fuel blending stock of the invention comprises olefins in an amount of 2 to 80 weight percent, non-olefins in an amount of 20 to 98 weight percent wherein the non-olefins are substantially comprised of paraffins, oxygenates in an amount of at least 0.012 weight percent and sulfur in an amount of less than 1 ppm. To provide acceptable stability, the blended diesel fuel comprising the olefinic diesel fuel blending stock comprises a sulfur-free antioxidant. The blended diesel fuel comprising the olefinic diesel fuel blending stock and sulfur-free antioxidant added has a peroxide content of less than 5 ppm when stored at 60° C. for 4 weeks. The present invention also relates to processes for making the stable blended diesel fuel and olefinic diesel fuel blending stocks as defined above.
1. A blended diesel fuel comprising:
a) a diesel fuel fraction comprising olefins in an amount of 25 to 80 weight %; non-olefins in an amount of 20 to 75 weight %, wherein the non-olefins comprise greater than 50 weight % paraffins; and oxygenates in an amount of at least 0.012 weight %;
b) a diesel fuel fraction selected from the group consisting of a hydrotreated Fischer Tropsch derived diesel, a hydrocracked Fischer Tropsch derived diesel, a hydrotreated petroleum derived diesel, and a hydrocracked petroleum derived diesel, and mixtures thereof; and
c) an effective amount of at least one sulfur-free antioxidant from the group consisting of phenols, cyclic amines, and combinations thereof;
wherein at least a portion of the blended diesel fuel is derived from Fischer Tropsch synthesis products and the blended diesel fuel comprises sulfur in an amount of less than 1 ppm, and has a reflectance as measured by ASTM D6468 of greater than 65% when measured at 150° C. for 90 minutes and a peroxide number of less than 5 ppm after storage at 60° C. for four weeks.
2. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , comprising 5 to 500 ppm of the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant.
3. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , comprising 8 to 200 ppm of the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant.
4. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , comprising 20 to 100 ppm of the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant.
5. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant is a cyclic amine having the following formula:
wherein:
A is a six-membered cycloalkyl or aryl ring,
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently H or alkyl; and
x is 1 or 2.
6. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant is an alkylphenol having the formula:
wherein R 5 and R 6 are independently H or alkyl and n is 1 or 2.
7. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol), -4,4′-butylidene-bis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-isopropylidene-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol, 2,2′-isobutylidene-bis(4,6-dimethylphenol), 2,2′-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,6-di-tertbutyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tertbutyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-dimethylamino-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-4-(N,N′-dimethyl-aminomethylphenol), bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl), alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, alkylated-alpha-naphthylamine, and mixtures thereof.
8. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of dimethylcyclohexylamine, N,N′-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol, and mixtures thereof.
9. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant is a blend of a phenol and a cyclic amine.
10. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the peroxide number is less than 4 ppm after storage at 60° C. for four weeks.
11. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the peroxide number is less than 1 ppm after storage at 60° C. for four weeks.
12. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the reflectance as measured by ASTM D6468 is greater than 80% when measured at 150° C. for 90 minutes.
13. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the reflectance as measured by ASTM D6468 is greater than 90% when measured at 150° C. for 90 minutes.
14. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the diesel fuel is derived from a petroleum derived distillate.
15. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 1 , further comprising a lubricity additive in an amount to provide an ASTM D6079 wear scar of 450 microns or less.
16. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 15 , wherein the lubricity additive is an ester.
17. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 16 , wherein the diesel fuel has a reflectance as measured by ASTM D6468 of greater than 65% when measured at 150° C. for 180 minutes, an ASTM D6079 wear scar of 450 microns or less, and a peroxide content of less than 5 ppm after storage at 60° C. for four weeks.
18. A blended diesel fuel comprising:
a) a Fischer Tropsch diesel fuel fraction comprising
i) olefins in an amount of 25 to 80 weight %,
ii) non-olefins in an amount of 20 to 75 weight %, wherein the non-olefins comprise greater than 50 weight % paraffins, wherein the paraffins have an i/n ratio of less than 1; and
iii) oxygenates in an amount of at least 0.012 weight %;
b) a diesel fuel fraction selected from the group consisting of a hydrocracked Fischer Tropsch derived diesel, a hydrotreated Fischer Tropsch derived diesel, a hydrocracked petroleum derived diesel, a hydrotreated petroleum derived diesel, and mixtures thereof;
c) an effective amount of a sulfur-free antioxidant; and
d) sulfur in an amount of less than 1 ppm,
wherein the blended diesel fuel has a reflectance as measured by ASTM D6468 of greater than 65% when measured at 150° C. for 90 minutes and a peroxide number of less than 5 ppm after storage at 60° C. for four weeks.
19. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 18 , comprising 5 to 500 ppm of the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant.
20. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 18 , comprising 20 to 100 ppm of the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant.
21. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 18 , wherein the at least one sulfur-free antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of phenols, cyclic amines, and combinations thereof.
22. The blended diesel fuel according to claim 18 , wherein the blended diesel fuel comprises 5 to 80 weight % Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel fraction of (a) and 20 to 95 weight % diesel fuel fraction of (b).
23. A Fischer Tropsch diesel blend component comprising:
a) olefins in an amount of 25 to 80 weight %,
b) non-olefins in an amount of 20 to 75 weight %, wherein the non-olefins comprise greater than 50 weight % paraffins, wherein the paraffins have an i/n ratio of less than 1; and
c) oxygenates in an amount of at least 0.012 weight %;
d) a sulfur-free antioxidant; and
e) sulfur in an amount of less than 1 ppm by weight wherein the Fischer Tropsch diesel blend component has a peroxide number of less than 5 ppm after storage at 60° C. for four weeks.