Process for drying high-lactose aqueous fluids
Systems and methods for processing a high-lactose aqueous fluid (HLAF), such as permeate from ultrafiltration of whey fluid, are described. The preferred process includes concentrating HLAF containing from about 1 to about 35% solids, wherein at least 50% of the solids are lactose, to form a concentrated HLAF containing from about 45 to about 65% solids; further concentrating the HLAF to form a highly concentrated HLAF containing from about 70 to about 80% solids; cooling the highly concentrated HLAF with a gaseous fluid to create a cooling, concentrating, crystallizing cascade to further concentrate the HLAF to form a partially crystallized HLAF containing from about 78 to about 88% solids; and drying the partially crystallized HLAF in an air-lift dryer to form a product rich in crystalline alpha-lactose monohydrate. An air-lift dryer having diverging sidewalls and methods of using same are also disclosed.
1. A process for drying high-lactose aqueous fluids, the process comprising the steps of:
concentrating a high-lactose aqueous fluid containing from about 1 to about 35% solids, wherein at least 50% of the solids are lactose, to form a concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid containing from about 45 to about 65% solids;
further concentrating the concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid in a high concentration evaporator to form a highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid containing from about 70 to about 80% solids;
transferring the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid to a cooling, concentrating, crystallizing apparatus in which a cooling, concentrating, crystallizing cascade is created by exposing the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid to a gaseous fluid, which is effective to cool and further concentrate the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid in a manner that causes lactose within the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid to crystallize, so as to generate a partially crystallized high-lactose aqueous fluid containing from about 78 to about 88% solids; and
spraying the partially crystallized high-lactose aqueous fluid into a chamber containing hot air to form a high-solids product rich in crystalline lactose.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of further concentrating the concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid including evaporating moisture from the concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid in a high concentration evaporator selected from the group consisting of a high concentration vacuum evaporator and a high concentration atmospheric evaporator; said step of further concentrating includes maintaining the concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid at a temperature sufficient to maintain the lactose substantially in solution.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous fluid is air and the step of transferring includes reducing the temperature of the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid and continuing to concentrate the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid, thereby causing lactose crystallization within the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid in a cooling, concentrating, crystallizing apparatus in which air is blown over exposed fluid surfaces of the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid in a manner sufficient to initiate a crystallization cascade in which energy generated from a release of heat from the formation of lactose crystals provides energy to drive further evaporation and further concentrate the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid such that the partially crystallized high-lactose aqueous fluid contains from about 82 to about 88% solids.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of spraying includes atomizing the partially crystallized high-lactose aqueous fluid into a chamber to form the high-solids crystalline product, the high-solids crystalline product containing some residual moisture and from about 90 to about 99% solids, wherein from about 70 to about 100% of the residual moisture in the high-solids crystalline product is incorporated within alpha-lactose monohydrate crystals.
5. A process for drying high-lactose aqueous fluids, the process comprising the steps of:
concentrating a high-lactose aqueous fluid containing from about 1 to about 35% solids, wherein at least 50% of the solids are lactose, to form a hot, highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid containing from about 70 to about 80% solids;
transferring the hot, highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid into a cooling, concentrating, crystallizing apparatus in which a cooling, concentrating, crystallizing cascade is created by exposing highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid to a gaseous fluid, which is effective to cool and further concentrate the hot, highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid in a manner that causes lactose solids within the hot, highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid to crystallize so as to generate a partially crystallized high-lactose aqueous fluid containing from about 78 to about 88% solids; and
spraying the partially crystallized high-lactose aqueous fluid into a chamber containing hot air to form a solids product rich in crystalline lactose.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the step of concentrating includes concentrating a high-lactose aqueous fluid containing from about 1 to about 35% solids, wherein at least 50% of the solids are lactose, to form a concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid containing from about 45 to about 65% solids; and further concentrating the concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid in a high concentration evaporator to form the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid; wherein the high concentration evaporator selected from the group consisting of a high concentration vacuum evaporator and a high concentration atmospheric evaporator; and wherein said step of further concentrating includes maintaining the concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid at a temperature high enough to effectively maintain the lactose substantially in solution.
7. The process of claim 5 , wherein the gaseous fluid is air and the step of transferring includes reducing the temperature of the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid and continuing to concentrate the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid, thereby causing lactose crystallization within the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid in the cooling, concentrating, crystallizing apparatus in which air is blown over exposed fluid surfaces of the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid in a manner sufficient to initiate a crystallization cascade in which energy generated from a release of a heat of crystallization from the formation of lactose crystals provides heat to provide energy to drive further evaporation and further concentrate the highly concentrated high-lactose aqueous fluid such tat the partially crystallized high-lactose aqueous fluid contains from about 82 to about 88% solids.
8. The process of claim 5 , wherein the step of spraying includes atomizing the partially crystallized high-lactose aqueous fluid into the chamber to form the solids product, the solids product containing sonic residual moisture and from about 90 to about 99% solids, wherein from about 70 to about 100% of the residual moisture in the high-solids crystalline product is incorporated within alpha-lactose monohydrate crystals.