Tungsten-tin composite material for green ammunition
A tungsten-tin composite for green (lead-free) ammunition is provided wherein the composite is made with a spheroidized tungsten powder and has mechanical properties similar to those of lead. The composite may be fully densified at pressures less than about 250 MPa and is suitable for pressing complex projectile shapes to near net size.
1. A tungsten-tin composite material for lead-free ammunition comprising spheroidized tungsten particles imbedded in a tin matrix, the composite material having a measured density which is at least 99% of the theoretical density of the composite.
2. The composite material of claim 1 wherein the tungsten particles have a mean particle size of less than 100 μm.
3. The composite material of claim 1 wherein the tungsten particles have a mean particle size of about 50 μm.
4. The composite material of claim 3 wherein the spheroidized tungsten particles have a particle size distribution having a standard deviation of no more than about 20 μm.
5. The composite material of claim 1 wherein the measured density is at least 99.5% of the theoretical density.
6. The composite material of claim 1 wherein the composite was formed by pressing a blend of spheroidized tungsten powder and tin powder at a pressure less than about 250 MPa.
7. The composite material of claim 1 wherein the composite contains 57 weight percent tungsten and 43 weight percent tin.
8. The composite material of claim 7 wherein the composite was formed by pressing a blend of spheroidized tungsten powder and tin powder at a pressure less than about 210 MPa.
9. The composite material of claim 1 wherein the composite deforms substantially uniformly under a compressive force.
10. A tungsten-tin composite material for lead-free ammunition comprising spheroidized tungsten particles imbedded in a tin matrix, the composite material having a measured density which is at least 99% of the theoretical density of the composite and deforming substantially uniformly under a compressive force, the tungsten particles having a mean particle size of less than 100 μm and a particle size distribution having a standard deviation of no more than about 20 μm.
11. The tungsten-tin composite of claim 10 wherein the composite was formed by pressing a blend of spheroidized tungsten powder and tin powder at a pressure less than about 250 MPa.
12. The tungsten-tin composite of claim 11 wherein the composite contains 57 weight percent tungsten and 43 weight percent tin.
13. The tungsten-tin composite of claim 12 wherein the tungsten particles have a mean particle size of about 50 μm.
14. A method of making a tungsten-tin composite for lead-free ammunition comprising:
forming a blend of a spheroidized tungsten powder and a tin powder;
pressing the blend at a pressure less than about 250 MPa to form the composite, the composite having a measured density which is at least 99% of the theoretical density of the composite.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the tungsten particles have a mean particle size of less than 100 μm.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the composite has a measured density which is at least 99.5% of its theoretical density.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein the tungsten particles have a particle size distribution having a standard deviation of no more than about 20 μm.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein the blend has a ratio of 57 weight percent tungsten to 43 weight percent tin and is pressed at a pressure less than about 210 MPa.
19. The composite material of claim 5 wherein the tungsten particles have a mean particle size of less than 100 μm.
20. The composite material of claim 5 wherein the tungsten particles have a mean particle size of about 50 μm.
21. The composite material of claim 20 wherein the spheroidized tungsten particles have a particle size distribution having a standard deviation of no more than about 20 μm.