Synthesis of 3,3,-dimethylbutyraldehyde by the reduction of 3,3,-dimethylbutyric acid
A process for the production of 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde is disclosed. The 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde is obtained by the reduction of 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid using trimethylacetic anhydride and a phosphine. The 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid is preferably obtained by a process in which tert-butanol and vinylidene chloride are reacted in the presence of sulfuric acid. The disclosed process has improved cost and yield.
1. A process for the synthesis of 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde, comprising the steps reacting 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid with hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst, a solvent, dehydrating means and a ligand or catalyst modifier at a temperature and pressure effective to produce 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium metals or their salts and complexes selected from the group comprising acetates, carboxylates, halogenides, acetylacetonates, phosphines, acetophosphines, aminophosphines, ferrocenylphosphines.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said ligand or catalyst modifier is selected from the group consisting of phosphines selected from the group comprising tri anisyl phosphine, phenyl phosphine, and tolyl phosphine.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetone, methyl ethylketone, methyl tert-butylketone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl tert-butylether or a mixture of thereof.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein said catalyst is palladium acetate.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said palladium acetate is present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 50% based on the weight of said 3,3-dimethybutyric acid.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein said phosphine is present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 50% based on the weight of said 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said dehydrating means is selected from the group comprising molecular sieves and dehydrating agents selected from the group consisting of anhydrides such as trimethylacetic anhydride and acetic anhydride.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said reaction is conducted in a reactor which is pressurized at a pressure in the range from 10 psi to 2000 psi.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said reaction is conducted at a temperature of from about 20 to about 200 degrees Celsius.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid, said trimethylacetic anhydride and said solvent are charged into a reactor or vessel and sealed prior to addition of said catalyst and said ligand or catalyst modifier.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein bubbling nitrogen is introduced into said reactor.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein hydrogen is charged into said reactor.
14. The method of claim 1 comprising the additional step of purification of the crude 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde via distillation, fractional distillation, either batch or continuous or a thin-film evaporator.
15. A method of producing 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting tert-butanol and vinylidene chloride in a vessel in the presence of an acid to produce 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid;
(b) purifying said 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid using a purification process selected from the group comprising distillation, batch fractional distillation, continuous fractional distillation, or extraction or distillation by means of a thin-film evaporator;
(c) adding to said vessel hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst, a solvent, dehydrating agent and a ligand or catalyst modifier at a temperature and pressure effective to produce 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde;
(d) purifying said 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde using a purification process selected from the group comprising batch fractional distillation, continuous fractional distillation, or extraction or distillation by means of a thin-film evaporator.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said vessel is maintained at a temperature of 0 to 5° C. before and during the reaction of tert-butanol and vinylidene chloride.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein said vessel is maintained at a temperature of 50 to 100° C. during the reaction of 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid, hydrogen, ligand or catalyst modifier and catalyst.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein said vessel is maintained at a pressure of 500 to 900 psi during the reaction of 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid, hydrogen ligand or catalyst modifier and catalyst.