Foodware with a tarnish-resistant ceramic coating and method of making
A foodware article having a thermally stable color, tarnish-resistant ceramic coating that enables direct contact with a heat source, such as a gas flame or the heating element of an electric stove. The foodware article of the present invention includes a metal foodware article having an inner food-contacting surface and an outer heat source-contacting surface, a bonding layer deposited on a portion of the outer heat source-contacting surface, and a first ceramic layer deposited adjacent to a portion of the bonding layer, the first ceramic layer selected from (Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al)CN, (Ti,Al,X)N, or (Ti,Al,X)CN. A top layer of TiCN can be deposited adjacent to the first ceramic layer. There may optionally be alternating layers of a third ceramic selected from (Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al)CN, (Ti,Al,X)N, or (Ti,Al,X)CN and a fourth ceramic selected from TiN, TiCN, XN or XCN deposited adjacent to the bonding layer and below the first ceramic layer. The alternating layers can be repeated as many times as desired. A method of making such a foodware article is also disclosed.
1. A foodware article having a thermally-stable color, tarnish-resistant, ceramic coating comprising:
a metal foodware article having an inner food-contacting surface and an outer heat source-contacting surface;
a bonding layer deposited on a portion of the outer heat source-contacting surface;
a first ceramic layer deposited adjacent to a portion of the bonding layer on a side of the bonding layer opposite the outer heat source-contacting surface, the first ceramic layer selected from (Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al)CN, (Ti,Al,X)N, or (Ti,Al,X)CN, wherein the ceramic coating is tarnish-resistant and maintains the thermally-stable color after contact with a heat source.
2. The foodware article of claim 1 further comprising a top layer of TiCN deposited adjacent to a portion of the first ceramic layer on a side of the first ceramic layer opposite the outer heat source-contacting surface.
3. The foodware article of claim 1 further comprising a second ceramic layer deposited between the bonding layer and the first ceramic layer, the second ceramic layer being selected in TiN, TiCN, XN, or XCN.
4. The foodware article of claim 1 further comprising alternating layers of a third ceramic selected from (Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al)CN, (Ti,Al,X)N, or (Ti,Al,X)CN and a fourth ceramic selected from TiN, TiCN, XN or XCN deposited between the bonding layer and the first ceramic layer.
5. The foodware article of claim 4 wherein each of the alternating layers is in the range of about 0.1 to about 1.0 microns thick.
6. The foodware article of claim 1 wherein the metal foodware article is made of a material selected from steel, stainless steel, titanium, clad material, or alloys thereof.
7. The foodware article of claim 1 wherein the bonding layer is a metal selected from titanium, chromium, zirconium, or alloys thereof.
8. The foodware article of claim 1 wherein a total thickness of the coating is in the range of about 0.5 to about 20 microns.
9. The foodware article of claim 1 wherein the ceramic coating has a top layer selected from (Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al)CN, (Ti,Al,X)N, or (Ti,Al,X)CN.
10. A foodware article having a thermally-stable color, tarnish-resistant, ceramic coating comprising:
a metal foodware article having an inner food-contacting surface and an outer heat source-contacting surface;
a bonding layer deposited on a portion of the outer heat source-contacting surface;
a second ceramic layer deposited adjacent to the bonding layer on a side of the bonding layer opposite the outer heat source-contacting surface, the second ceramic layer being selected from TiN, TiCN, XN, or XCN;
a first ceramic layer deposited adjacent to a portion of the second ceramic layer on a side of the second ceramic layer opposite the outer heat source-contacting surface, the first ceramic layer selected from (Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al)CN, (Ti,Al,X)N, or (Ti,Al,X)CN, wherein the ceramic coating tarnish-resistant and maintains the thermally-stable color after contact with a heat source.
11. The foodware article of claim 10 further comprising a top layer of TiCN deposited adjacent to a portion of the first ceramic layer on a side of the first ceramic layer opposite the outer heat-source contacting surface.
12. The foodware article of claim 10 further comprising alternating layers of a third ceramic selected from (Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al)CN, (Ti,Al,X)N, or (Ti,Al,X)CN and a fourth ceramic selected from TiN, TiCN, XN or XCN deposited between the bonding layer and the first ceramic layer.
13. The foodware article of claim 12 wherein each of the alternating layers is in the range of about 0.1 to about 1.0 microns thick.
14. The foodware article of claim 10 wherein the metal foodware article is made of a material selected from steel, stainless steel, titanium, clad material, or alloys thereof.
15. The foodware article of claim 10 wherein the bonding layer is a metal selected from titanium, chromium, zirconium, or alloys thereof.
16. The foodware article of claim 10 wherein a total thickness of the coating is in the range of about 0.5 to about 20 microns.
17. A foodware article having a thermally-stable color, tarnish-resistant, ceramic coating comprising:
a metal foodware article having an inner food-contacting surface and an outer heat source-contacting surface;
a bonding layer deposited on a portion of the outer heat source-contacting surface;
a second ceramic layer deposited adjacent to the bonding layer on a side of the bonding layer opposite the outer heat source-contacting surface, the second ceramic layer being selected from TiN, TiCN, XN, or XCN;
a first ceramic layer deposited adjacent to a portion of the second ceramic layer on a side of the second ceramic layer opposite the outer heat source-contacting surface, the first ceramic layer selected from (Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al)CN, (Ti,Al,X)N, or (Ti,Al,X)CN; and
a top layer of TiCN deposited adjacent to a portion of the first ceramic layer on a side of the first ceramic layer opposite the outer heat-source contacting surface, wherein the ceramic coating is tarnish-resistant and maintains the thermally-stable color after contact with a heat source.
18. The foodware article of claim 17 further comprising alternating layers of a third ceramic selected from (Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al)CN, (Ti,Al,X)N, or (Ti,Al,X)CN and a fourth ceramic selected from TiN, TiCN, XN or XCN deposited between the bonding layer and the first ceramic layer.
19. The foodware article of claim 18 wherein each of the alternating layers is in the range of about 0.1 to about 1.0 microns thick.