Copolymers for suppression of autoimmune diseases, and methods of use
Random three- and four-amino acid copolymers having lengths of 14-, 35- and 50-amino acid residues are provided. Fifty-mers of FEAK were effective inhibitors of MBP 85-99- or proteolipid protein (PLP) 40-60-specific HLA-DR-2-restricted T cell clones. These copolymers efficiently suppressed the mouse disease EAE, which was induced in a susceptible SJL/J (H-2 S ) strain of mice with either whole spinal cord homogenate (WSCH) or with the encephalitogenic epitope PLP 139-151 (SEQ ID NO:4). YFAK 50-mer having a molar ratio of about Y 0.8:F 0.2 inhibited binding of biotinylated MBP 85-99 epitope to HLA-DR-2 molecules more efficiently than either unlabeled MBP 85-99 or Copaxone®. YFAK and FAK copolymers efficiently suppressed EAE induced in SJL/J (H-2 S ) mice with the encephalitogenic epitope PLP 139-151. Copolymers YFAK, VYAK and tryptophan-containing VWAK were efficacious in alleviating severity and duration of symptoms of EAE induced by MBP 85-99 (SEQ ID NO:2), in a humanized mouse model expressing genes for both an HLA-DR-2 linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans and for a T cell receptor from an MS patient.
1. A linear random copolymer YFAK comprising amino acids tyrosine (Y), phenylalanine (F), alanine (A) and lysine (K).
2. A copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the amino acids are polymerized in a molar ratio of (Y+F):A:K of a range of about 1:5:3 to about 1:10:3.
3. A copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the amino acids are polymerized by a solid phase reaction or by solution chemistry.
4. A copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of F to Y is about 1.
5. A copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of F to Y is at least about 2.
6. A copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of F to Y is about 4.
7. A copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of Y is greater than F.
8. A copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of Y to F is at least about 2.
9. A copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of Y to F is at least about 4.
10. A copolymer according to claim 1 , comprising at least about 25 amino acid residues.
11. A copolymer according to claim 1 , comprising at least about 35 amino acid residues.
12. A copolymer according to claim 1 , comprising at least about 50 amino acid residues.
13. A copolymer according to claim 1 , comprising at least about 70 amino acid residues.
14. A linear random copolymer comprising amino acids Y:F:A:K.
15. A copolymer according to claim 14 , wherein the amino acids are polymerized in a molar ratio of a range of about 0.2:0.8:5:3 to about 0.2:0.8:10:3.
16. A linear random copolymer comprising amino acids Y:F:A:K in a molar ratio of a range of about 0.5:0.5:5:3 to about 0.5:0.5:10:3.
17. A linear random copolymer comprising amino acids Y:F:A:K in a molar ratio of a range of about 0.8:0.2:5:3 to about 0.8:0.2:10:3.
18. A copolymer according to claim 16 , wherein the amino acids are polymerized using a solid phase reaction.
19. A linear random copolymer comprising substantially amino acids tyrosine (Y), phenylalanine (F), alanine (A) and lysine (K), wherein (Y+F):A:K is a molar ratio having a range of about 1:5:3 to about 1:10:3, further comprising at least one amino acid modification at a residue location and in an amount sufficient to inhibit proteolytic degradation of the copolymer in a subject, compared to a copolymer which is otherwise identical and lacking the amino acid modification.
20. A copolymer according to claim 19 wherein the modification is at least one non-peptide bond.
21. A linear random copolymer VEAK comprising amino acids valine (V), glutamic acid (E), alanine (A) and lysine (K), in a molar ratio V:E:A:K having a range of about 1:1.5:5:3 to about 1:1.5:10:3.
22. A kit comprising at least one unit dosage of a random linear copolymer according to claim 1 .
23. A kit according to claim 22 , wherein the molar ratio in the copolymer of the amino acids A:K:(sum of Y+F) has a range of about 5:3:1 to about 10:3:1.