Controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration and direct energy conversion
View Patent ↗A system and apparatus for controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration (FRC) magnetic topology and conversion of fusion product energies directly to electric power. Preferably, plasma ions are magnetically confined in the FRC while plasma electrons are electrostatically confined in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by the nuclear force, thus forming fusion products that emerge in the form of an annular beam. Energy is removed from the fusion product ions as they spiral past electrodes of an inverse cyclotron converter. Advantageously, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement and energy conversion system include advanced (aneutronic) fuels.
1. A plasma-electric power generation system comprising
a chamber having a principle axis,
a first magnetic field generator for creating an azimuthally symmetric magnetic field within a central region of the chamber with a flux substantially parallel to the principle axis of the chamber,
a current coil concentric with the principle axis of the chamber for creating an azimuthal electric field within the chamber,
a plurality of semi-cylindrical electrodes forming a cylindrical surface in a first end region of the chamber, wherein the plurality of electrodes comprises more than two electrodes in spaced relation forming a gap between adjacent electrodes,
a second magnetic field generator for creating an azimuthally symmetric magnetic field within the first end region of the chamber with a flux substantially parallel to the principle axis of the chamber,
an electron collector interposing the first and second magnetic field generators and adjacent a first end of the plurality of electrodes, and
an ion collector positioned adjacent a second end of the plurality of electrodes.
2. The system of claim 1 further comprising
a second plurality of semi-cylindrical electrodes forming a cylindrical surface in a second end region of the chamber, wherein the second plurality of electrodes comprises more than two electrodes in spaced relation forming a gap between adjacent electrodes,
a third magnetic field generator for creating an azimuthally symmetric magnetic field within the first end region of the chamber with a flux substantially parallel to the principle axis of the chamber,
an second electron collector interposing the first and third magnetic field generators and adjacent a first end of the second plurality of electrodes, and
an second ion collector positioned adjacent a second end of the second plurality of electrodes.
3. The system of claim 1 further comprising a resonant circuit coupled to the plurality of electrodes.
4. The system of claim 1 further comprising a tank circuit coupled to the plurality of electrodes.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the electron collector is annularly shaped.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the first and second magnetic field generators comprise annular field coils disposed about the chamber, wherein the field lines of the magnetic field generated by the field coils of the first magnetic field generator run in a direction opposite to the field lines of the magnetic field generated by the field coils of the second magnetic field generator.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the electron collector and ion collector are electrically coupled.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of electrodes are symmetrical.
9. The system of claim 6 wherein the first magnetic field generator further comprises first and second sets of mirror coils disposed in spaced relation about the chamber.
10. The system of claim 1 further comprising plasma injectors coupled to the chamber.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the plasma injectors are axially oriented to inject plasma toward a mid-plane of the chamber.
12. The system of claim 1 wherein the first magnetic field generator is tunable.
13. The system of claim 12 further comprising a control system coupled to the first magnetic field generator.
14. The system of claim 1 wherein the current coil is a betatron flux coil.
15. The system of claim 1 wherein the current coil includes parallel windings of a plurality of separate coils.
16. The system of claim 1 further comprising ion beam injectors coupled to the vessel.
17. The system of claim 16 wherein the ion beam injectors include a means for neutralizing the electric charge of the ion beams emitted from the injectors.