Onboard hydrogen storage unit with heat transfer system for use in a hydrogen powered vehicle
An onboard hydrogen storage unit with heat transfer system for a hydrogen powered vehicle. The system includes a hydrogen storage vessel containing a hydrogen storage alloy configured to receive a stream of hydrogen and provide hydrogen for use in powering a vehicle. During refueling a cooling/heating loop is used to remove the heat of hydride formation from the hydrogen storage alloy and during operation of the vehicle the heating/cooling loop is used to supply heat to the hydrogen storage alloy to aid in hydrogen desorption.
1. A hydrogen storage unit for a hydrogen powered vehicle comprising:
a hydrogen storage vessel at least partially filled with a hydrogen storage alloy;
a primary loop adapted to transfer heat to and from said hydrogen storage alloy in said hydrogen storage vessel;
a secondary loop thermally coupled to said primary loop; and
an electrical heater in thermal communication with said primary loop adapted to receive an electrical current from a source of power internal or external to said vehicle.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrogen storage vessel is adapted to receive a stream of hydrogen from an outside hydrogen source.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said primary loop comprises one or more tubes in thermal contact with said hydrogen storage alloy.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein said primary loop is an open loop.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein said primary loop is adapted to receive a stream of cooling fluid from an outside source.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein said stream of cooling fluid circulates through said primary loop.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein said stream of cooling fluid circulating through said primary loop removes heat produced by said hydrogen storage alloy upon absorption of hydrogen.
8. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein said primary loop is a closed loop.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein said primary loop contains a heat transfer fluid.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein a heating fluid is circulated throughout said secondary loop.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein said heat transfer fluid contained within said primary loop is circulated through said primary loop using a pumping device.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein said pumping device is a directional coupled turbine mechanically coupled to said secondary loop.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein said directionally coupled turbine circulates said heat transfer fluid through said primary loop using the flow of said heating fluid circulating through said secondary loop.
14. The apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein said heat transfer fluid circulating through said primary loop is heated using a heat exchanger.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein said heat transfer fluid circulating through said primary loop provides heat to said hydrogen storage alloy.
16. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein said heat exchanger provides heat to said heat transfer fluid circulating through said primary loop from said heating fluid circulating through said secondary loop.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein said heating fluid circulating through said secondary loop provides heat to said heat transfer fluid circulating through said primary loop via said heat exchanger after a cold startup.
18. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein a catalytic combustor thermally connected to said primary loop provides heat to said heat transfer fluid circulating through said primary loop.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein said catalytic combustor is initially fueled with an amount of unabsorbed hydrogen contained within said hydrogen storage vessel.
20. The apparatus according to claim 19 , wherein said catalytic combustor provides heat to said heat transfer fluid circulating through said primary loop via said heat exchanger during a cold startup.