Wavy interface mixer
The present invention provides methods and apparatus for mixing samples in-line in a microfluidic system, comprising methods of and means for introducing a first fluid sample into a flow-tube at a first end at a first velocity via a first conduit; methods of and means for introducing a second fluid sample into the flow-tube at the first end at a second velocity, the second velocity different from the first velocity, via a second conduit, wherein the first fluid sample and the second fluid sample converge in the flow tube to form an interface; whereby the first fluid sample and the second fluid sample mix at the interface within the flow-tube, wherein fluid flow at the first end of the flow-tube is laminar and fluid flow at a second end of the flow-tube is laminar, and wherein the flow-tube has a constant diameter between the first end and the second end of the flow-tube.
1. A method of mixing samples in-line in a microfluidic system, comprising:
introducing a first fluid sample into a flow-tube at a first end at a given velocity via a first conduit; and
intermittently introducing a second fluid sample into said flow-tube at said first end, via a second conduit, wherein said first fluid sample and said second fluid sample converge in said flow tube to form an interface;
whereby said first fluid sample and said second fluid sample mix at said interface within said flow-tube, wherein fluid flow at said first end of said flow-tube is laminar and fluid flow at a second end of said flow-tube is laminar, and wherein said flow-tube has a constant diameter between said first end and said second end of said flow-tube.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein fluid flow through said flow-tube between said first end and said second end of said flow-tube is turbulent.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of mixing is not constant during progression of fluid flow in said flow-tube.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein intermittently introducing said second fluid sample includes operating a peristaltic pump.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein intermittently introducing said second fluid sample includes operating a pinch valve.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said flow tube comprises an in-line micromixer to disturb fluid flow in said flow tube.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein fluid flow around said in-line micromixer is turbulent.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first fluid sample has a density different from said second fluid sample.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said densities differ by at least 1%.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising detecting reaction of the mixed fluids in-line via operation of an instrument.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said instrument is a flow cytometer.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein said instrument is a luminescent detector.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein said instrument is a fluorescent detector.
14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising analyzing the reaction of the fluids via operation of an instrument.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said instrument is a flow cytometer.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein said given velocity is a first velocity and wherein the introducing of said second fluid sample into said flow tube includes introducing said second fluid sample at a second velocity, said second velocity being different from said first velocity, further comprising introducing a third fluid sample into said flow-tube at a third velocity via a third conduit.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said third velocity is different from at least one of said first velocity and said second velocity.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein said third fluid sample is introduced into said flow-tube at the first end of said flow-tube.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein said third fluid sample is introduced into said flow-tube between said first end and said second end of said flow-tube.
20. A microfluidic apparatus for mixing samples in-line, comprising:
first means for introducing a first fluid sample into a flow-tube at a first end at a given velocity via a first conduit; and
second means for intermittently introducing a second fluid sample into said flow-tube at said first end via a second conduit, wherein said first fluid sample and said second fluid sample converge in said flow tube to form an interface;
whereby said first fluid sample and said second fluid sample mix at said interface within said flow-tube, wherein fluid flow at said first end of said flow-tube is laminar and fluid flow at a second end of said flow-tube is laminar, and wherein said flow-tube has a constant diameter between said first end and said second end of said flow-tube.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising means for controlling fluid flow through said first conduit and said second conduit.
22. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein said means for controlling fluid flow comprises pinch valves.
23. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said means for intermittently introducing said second fluid sample into said flow-tube includes a peristaltic pump.
24. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said given velocity is a first velocity and wherein said second means introduces said second fluid sample into said flow-tube at a second velocity different from said first velocity.