N-halamine vinyl compounds and their polymeric biocides
The present invention provides heterocyclic vinylic compounds that can be used to form biocidal polymers. The polymers thus generated can used alone or can be grafted onto textiles, fabrics and polymers. The polymers are readily converted to N-halamine structures on exposure to a halogen source such as commercially available chlorine bleach. The N-halamine derivatives exhibit potent antibacterial properties against microorganisms and these properties are durable and regenerable.
1. A method for making a microbiocidal polymer, said method comprising: admixing a compound having the formula:
wherein:
A is a member selected from the group consisting of NH, N—R 8 and CR 1 R 2 , wherein R 8 is a halogen;
R 1 and R 2 , are each independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkenyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkoxy, optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
or, R 1 and R 2 and the carbon to which they are bound join to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring;
Q is a member selected from the group consisting of C(O), NH, N—R 9 and CR 3 R 4 , wherein R 9 is a halogen;
R 3 and R 4 , are each independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkenyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkoxy, optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
or, R 3 and R 4 and the carbon to which they are bound join to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring;
X is a member selected from the group consisting of C(O), C(O)—NR 5 and CR 6 R 7 , wherein R 5 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkenyl and optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkyl;
R 6 and R 7 , are each independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkenyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkoxy, optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
or, R 6 and R 7 and the carbon to which they are bound join to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring; and
Z is a member selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted (C 1 –C 3 )alkylene, C(O), or a single bond,
with a vinyl monomer and a second polymer in a reaction mixture to make a polymer; and thereafter treating said polymer with a halogenated solution to make said microbiocidal polymer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second polymer is a member selected from the group consisting of a plastic, a rubber, a textile material, a paint, a surface coating and an adhesive.
3. A microbiocidal polymer, said microbiocidal polymer prepared by the method of claim 1 .
4. A microbiocidal polymer, said microbiocidal polymer prepared by the method of claim 2 .
5. A method for chemically modifying a polymer to make a microbiocidal polymer, said method comprising:
admixing said polymer in a reaction mixture with a compound having the formula:
wherein:
A is a member selected from the group consisting of NH, N—R 8 and CR 1 R 2 , wherein R 8 is a halogen;
R 1 and R 2 , are each independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkenyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkoxy, optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
or, R 1 and R 2 and the carbon to which they are bound join to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring;
Q is a member selected from the group consisting of C(O), NH, N—R 9 and CR 3 R 4 , wherein R 9 is a halogen;
R 3 and R 4 , are each independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkenyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkoxy, optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
or, R 3 and R 4 and the carbon to which they are bound join to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring;
X is a member selected from the group consisting of C(O), C(O)—NR 5 and CR 6 R 7 , wherein R 5 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkenyl and optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkyl;
R 6 and R 7 , are each independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkenyl, optionally substituted (C 2 –C 6 )alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (C 1 –C 6 )alkoxy, optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
or, R 6 and R 7 and the carbon to which they are bound join to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring; and
Z is a member selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted (C 1 –C 3 )alkylene, C(O), or a single bond,
and an olefin thereby chemically modifying said polymer, wherein said olefin is a vinyl compound, an allyl compound or a mixture thereof; and thereafter treating said chemically modified polymer with a halogenated solution to make said microbiocidal polymer.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein Z is CH 2 .
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein said olefin is selected from the group consisting of an acrylate, a monovinyl compound, a polyvinyl compound, a monoallyl compound, a polyallyl compound and a mixture thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said olefin is selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile, methacrylate, vinyl acetate, triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione, poly (ethylene glycol)-diacrylate, and a mixture thereof.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein said compound is present in said reaction mixture in about 5 mole % to about 100 mole % relative to said olefin.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said compound is present in said reaction mixture in about 5 mole % to about 20 mole % relative to said olefin.
11. The method of claim 5 , wherein said halogenated solution is a halogenated aqueous solution.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said halogenated aqueous solution comprises sodium hypochlorite.
13. A chemically modified polymer, said chemically modified polymer prepared by the method of claim 5 .
14. A chemically modified polymer, said chemically modified polymer prepared by the method of claim 11 .
15. A textile material having a cellulose surface with said chemically modified polymer of claim 5 , grafted thereto.
16. The method of claim 5 , wherein said polymer is a member selected from the group consisting of a plastic, a rubber, a textile material, a paint, a surface coating, an adhesives, cellulose, a polyester, wood pulp, paper and a polyester/cellulose blend.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said textile material is cotton.
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein said textile material is a member selected from the group consisting of fabric, yarn and fiber.
19. The process of claim 16 , wherein said textile material is a member selected from the group consisting of a surgeon's gown, a cap, a mask, a surgical cover, a patient drape, a carpeting, a bedding material, an underwear, a sock and a uniform.
20. The process of claim 5 , wherein said process is regenerable.
21. The process of claim 5 , wherein said process is durable.
22. The method of claim 5 , wherein Z is CH 2 .
23. The method of claim 5 , wherein the reaction mixture further comprises a polymerization initiator.
24. The method of claim 5 , wherein the polymerization initiator is a member selected from the group consisting of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, potassium persulfate and benzoyl peroxide.
25. The method of claim 5 , wherein said polymer is a member selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cotton, linin, hemp, jute, ramie, wool, mohair, vicuna, silk, rayon, lyocell, acetate, triacetate, azlon, acrylic, aramid, nylon, olefin, polyester, spandex, vinyon, vinyl, graphite, glass, metallic and ceramic.
26. The method of claim 5 , wherein said polymer is a member selected from the group consisting of a nylon fabric, a polyester, an acrylic fabric, an aromatic polyamide material, a triacetate, an acetate, a cotton, a wool and mixtures thereof.