Smallpox vaccine
The invention provides attenuated vaccinia virus vaccines that can be used in methods to prevent or treat small pox in patients, as well as methods of obtaining such vaccines.
1. A clonal strain of attenuated vaccinia virus isolated from cell cultures in which ACAM1000 (ATCC Deposit No. PTA-3321) or a progeny strain thereof has been propagated.
2. The clonal strain of vaccinia virus of claim 1 , wherein said clonal strain has substantially the same immunogenicity as the New York City Board of Health vaccinia virus strain.
3. The clonal strain of vaccinia virus of claim 1 , wherein said clonal strain is produced in substantially the same or greater amounts as the New York City Board of Health vaccinia virus strain when inoculated into cell cultures.
4. The clonal strain of vaccinia virus of claim 1 , wherein said clonal strain has substantially the same digestion pattern as the New York City Board of Health vaccinia virus strain when digested with a restriction endonuclease.
5. The clonal strain of vaccinia virus of claim 1 , wherein said clonal strain has substantially the same virulence as vaccinia virus strain ACAM1000 (ATCC Deposit No. PTA-3321).
6. The clonal strain of vaccinia virus of claim 1 , wherein said clonal strain has substantially the same immunogenicity as vaccinia virus strain ACAM1000 (ATCC Deposit No. PTA-3321).
7. The clonal strain of vaccinia virus of claim 1 , wherein said clonal strain is produced in substantially the same or greater amounts as vaccinia virus strain ACAM1000 (ATCC Deposit No. PTA-3321) when inoculated into cell cultures.
8. The clonal strain of vaccinia virus of claim 1 , wherein said clonal strain has substantially the same digestion pattern as vaccinia virus strain ACAM1000 (ATCC Deposit No. PTA-3321) when digested with a restriction endonuclease.
9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a clonal strain of vaccinia virus isolated from cell cultures in which ACAM1000 (ATCC Deposit No. PTA-3321) or a progeny strain thereof has been propagated, wherein said clonal strain is acceptably attenuated in humans when administered in an amount effective to induce a protective or therapeutic immune response against variola virus in humans and is in a form that this acceptable for administration to humans, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
10. A method of obtaining a clonal strain of attenuated vaccinia virus for use as a vaccine, said method comprising (i) propagating the vaccinia virus strain ACAM1000 (ATCC Deposit No. PTA-3321) or a progeny strain thereof in a cell culture system, (ii) isolating from said cell culture system a clonal strain of vaccinia virus that has substantially the same virulence, immunogenicity, growth characteristics in culture, or restriction endonuclease digestion pattern as the NYCBH strain or vaccinia virus strain ACAM1000 (ATCC Deposit No. PTA-3321), and (iii) formulating said clonal strain for administration as a vaccine.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein virulence of said clonal strain is determined by a rabbit skin test.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein virulence of said clonal strain is determined by a suckling mouse neurovirulence test.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein said clonal strain, when administered to a human in an amount effective to induce a protective or therapeutic immune response against variola virus in said human, is acceptably avirulent in said human.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein said growth characteristics in culture of said clonal strain are determined using MRC-5 cells.
15. A vaccine composition comprising a clonal strain of attenuated vaccinia virus that is obtained from cell cultures in which ACAM1000 (ATCC Deposit No. PTA-3321) has been propagated.
16. A method of preventing or treating variola virus infection in a patient, said method comprising administering to said patient the pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 .
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition is administered to said patient by scarification.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition is administered to said patient in an amount ranging from 1×10 4 to 1×10 6 plaque-forming units.