Nonwoven binders with high wet/dry tensile strength ratio
This invention is directed to an improved nonwoven product comprising a nonwoven web of fibers bonded together with a sufficient amount of binder comprised of a polymer comprised of vinyl acetate, ethylene, and a crosslinking monomer to form a self-sustaining web. The improvement in the nonwoven product resides in the use of a polymer having a crystalline melting point (T m ) ranging from 35 to 90° C., preferably 50 to 80° C.; measured at a heat rate of 20° C./minute. The polymer should have a crystalline heat of fusion (H f ), which typically range from about 2 to about 50 joules per gram and a low glass transition temperature (T g ), e.g., from 10 to −40° C., typically −15 to −35° C.
1. In a nonwoven product comprising a nonwoven web of fibers bonded together with a polymer comprised of polymerized units of vinyl acetate, ethylene, and polymerized units of a crosslinking monomer at a binder add-on which is sufficient to bind the fibers together to form a self-sustaining web, the improvement which comprises:
said polymer comprised of an aqueous-based ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer emulsion comprised of polymerized units of crystalline ethylene segments, said polymer prepared by emulsion polymerizing vinyl acetate, ethylene, and said crosslinking monomer in the presence of a stabilizing system, and, further, said polymer having a crystalline melting point ranging from 35 to 90° C. as measured by differential scanning calorimetry at a heat rate of 20° C. per minute.
2. The nonwoven product of claim 1 wherein the polymer is comprised of from 25% to 85% by weight of polymerized units of vinyl acetate, from 15% to 75% by weight of polymerized units of ethylene, and from 1% to 10% of a crosslinking monomer based upon the total weight of the polymer.
3. The nonwoven product of claim 2 wherein the polymer has a heat of fusion ranging from 2 to 50 joules per gram as measured at a heat rate of 20° C. per minute.
4. The nonwoven product of claim 3 wherein the crosslinking monomer is N-methylolacrylamide.
5. The nonwoven product of claim 4 wherein said polymer has a T g from 10 to −40° C.
6. The nonwoven product of claim 5 wherein said polymer has from about 20% to 45% ethylene based upon the total weight of the polymer.
7. The nonwoven product of claim 6 wherein the polymer has from 3% to 6% crosslinking monomer by weight based upon the total weight of the polymer.
8. The nonwoven product of claim 7 wherein the heat of fusion is from 5 to 30 joules per gram as measured at a heat rate of 20° C. per minute.
9. The nonwoven product of claim 8 wherein the crystalline melting point is from 50 to 90° C. as measured at a heat rate of 20° C. per minute.
10. The nonwoven product of claim 9 wherein the T g of the polymer is from −15 to −35° C.
11. The nonwoven product of claim 10 wherein said stabilizing system employed in forming said polymer is an anionic surfactant.
12. The nonwoven product of claim 11 wherein said emulsion polymerization is initiated by a redox system comprised of an organic peroxide and a reducing agent selected from the group consisting sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate and ascorbic acid.
13. The nonwoven product of claim 8 wherein the polymer emulsion is prepared by staged polymerization.
14. In a nonwoven product comprising a nonwoven web of fibers bonded together with a polymer comprised of polymerized units of vinyl acetate, ethylene, and polymerized units of a crosslinking monomer at a binder add-on, which is sufficient to bind the fibers together to form a self-sustaining web, the improvement which comprises;
said polymer comprised of an aqueous-based ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer emulsion comprised of polymerized units of crystalline ethylene segments, said polymer prepared by emulsion polymerizing vinyl acetate, ethylene and said crosslinking monomer in the presence of a stabilizing system, and further, said nonwoven product having a wet tensile strength to dry tensile strength ratio of at least 0.75.
15. The nonwoven product of claim 14 wherein the polymer consists essentially of from 25% to 85% by weight of polymerized units of vinyl acetate, from 15% to 75% by weight of polymerized units of ethylene, from 1% to 10% of a crosslinking monomer based upon the total weight of the polymer.
16. The nonwoven product of claim 15 wherein the nonwoven web is comprised of cellulose fibers.
17. The nonwoven product of claim 16 wherein the crosslinking monomer is N-methylolacrylamide and is present in an amount from 3 to 6% by weight.
18. The nonwoven product of claim 17 wherein said polymer has from about 20% to 45% ethylene.
19. The nonwoven product of claim 18 wherein the heat of fusion is from 5 to 30 joules per gram measured by differential scanning calorimetry at a heat rate of 20° C. per minute.
20. The nonwoven product of claim 18 wherein the T g of the polymer is from −15 to −35° C. and a crystalline melting point from about 35 to 90° C.