Magnetic field stimulation techniques
The invention involves enhancing brain function by stimulating the brain using magnetic fields. Applications of the new methods include improving the condition of individuals with cognitive disorders, such as depression, and studying the effects of neural stimulation using induced electric fields. These techniques can avoid deleterious effects of psychotropic pharmaceutical treatments, and provide a relatively safe, comfortable, inexpensive means of direct cranial stimulation.
1. A method of enhancing brain function, comprising:
(a) selecting a subject for enhancement of brain function using a magnetic field;
(b) generating a time-varying magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field induces an electric field in air comprising a series of electric pulses, wherein the pulses have a duration less than about 10 milliseconds, and wherein each pulse has a single polarity and the pulses are separated by periods of substantially no electric field; and
(c) subjecting the subject's head to the time-varying magnetic field.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(d) evaluating the subject for enhanced brain function after subjecting the subject to the magnetic field.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is human.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting a subject involves identifying a subject showing symptoms of anxiety, depression, or an affective disorder.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric pulses have an amplitude less than about 5 V/m.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric field is substantially unidirectional over at least a region of the brain.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein successive electric pulses have alternating polarity.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the duration of each electric pulse in the series is less than or equal to about 1 millisecond.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the frequency of the series of electric pulses is about 1 kHz.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric field magnitude is substantially spatially uniform over the subject's brain.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic field has a maximum strength of less than about 50 G.
12. A method of enhancing brain function, comprising:
(a) selecting a subject for enhancement of brain function using a magnetic field;
(b) generating a time-varying magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field induces an electric field in air comprising a series of electric pulses, wherein the series of pulses has a frequency of at least about 100 Hz, and wherein each pulse has a single polarity and the pulses are and separated by periods of substantially no electric field; and
(c) subjecting the subject's head to the time-varying magnetic field.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the subject is human.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein selecting a subject involves identifying a subject showing symptoms of anxiety, depression, or an affective disorder.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the electric pulses have an amplitude less than about 5 V/m.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the electric field is substantially unidirectional over at least a region of the brain.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein successive electric pulses have alternating polarity.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the electric field magnitude is substantially spatially uniform over the subject's brain.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the series of pulses have a frequency of about 1 kHz.
20. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
(d) evaluating the subject for enhanced brain function after subjecting the subject to the magnetic field.
21. A method of enhancing brain function, comprising:
(a) selecting a subject for enhancement of brain function using a magnetic field;
(b) generating a time-varying magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field induces an electric field in air comprising a series of electric pulses, wherein the electric field is substantially unidirectional over at least a region of the brain, and wherein each electric pulse has a single polarity and the pulses are and separated by periods of substantially no electric field; and
(c) subjecting the subject's head to the time-varying magnetic field.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein selecting a subject involves identifying a subject showing symptoms of anxiety, depression, or an affective disorder.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the electric pulses have an amplitude less than about 5 V/m.
24. The method of claim 21 , wherein the region is an interior region of the brain.
25. The method of claim 21 , wherein the region is a prefrontal cortex.
26. The method of claim 21 , wherein the unidirectional electric field is oriented from one ear of the subject's head to the other ear of the subject's head.
27. The method of claim 21 , wherein successive electric pulses have alternating polarity.
28. The method of claim 21 , wherein the electric field magnitude is substantially spatially uniform over the subject's brain.
29. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:
(d) evaluating the subject for enhanced brain function after subjecting the subject to the magnetic field.
30. The method of claim 21 , wherein the subject is human.