Artificial pulmonary capillary
The present invention is directed to a photolytic cell, and to a photolytic artificial lung incorporating such a cell. The photolytic artificial lung converts water to oxygen for blood absorption, regulates pH, the removes carbon dioxide, and co-produces electrical power. The photolytic artificial lung includes a photolytic cell where all of the chemical reactions occur. Additionally, the present invention relates to photolytically sensitive materials for oxygen generation. These materials are useful for gas-free artificial lung and/or pulmonary capillary fabrication. The photolytic cell disclosed herein can also be used to direct chemical reactions in organs other than the lung.
1. An artificial pulmonary capillary for oxygenating blood comprising:
an inlet for receiving deoxygenated blood and transporting the blood to a photolytic cell; the photolytic cell having a transparent window, an anode, a cathode, a catholyte, and a photo-reactive surface, said photo-reactive surface having the ability to convert water in the blood to dissolved oxygen upon light activation, the anode adjacent to the transparent window, the cathode connected to the anode and adjacent to the catholyte;
a light source for providing light photons to said photolytic cell and activating said photo-reactive surface; and
an outlet for transporting oxygenated blood out of said photolytic cell.
2. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 1 , wherein said photo-reactive surface comprises a light-activated catalyst.
3. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 2 , wherein said light activated catalyst is a metal oxide catalyst comprising anatase (TiO 2 ), WO 3 or ZnO.
4. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 1 , wherein said light source is an ultraviolet laser light at 350-390 nm.
5. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 2 , wherein said light-activated catalyst converts, when photolytically irradiated, water in the blood to hydrogen ions, electrons and active oxygen.
6. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 5 , wherein said active oxygen formed during photolysis is hydrogen peroxide or other forms of oxygen gas precursors.
7. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 5 , wherein said electrons generated during photolysis are then electrically conducted away to avoid reversal of the reaction.
8. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 5 , wherein said active oxygen formed during photolysis is converted by a disproportionation catalyst into dissolved oxygen.
9. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 8 , wherein said disproportionation catalyst is MnO 2 .
10. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 5 , wherein said hydrogen ions formed during photolysis react with carbonate ions in the blood for form carbonic acid.
11. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 10 , wherein said carbonic acid reacts with carbonic anhydrase in the blood to form water and carbon dioxide.
12. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 11 , wherein said carbon dioxide is removed from the blood.
13. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 1 , wherein the photo-reactive surface comprises a light transparent substrate and a photolytic coating.
14. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 13 , wherein said photolytic coating comprises a layer of a light activated catalyst which converts, when photolytically irradiated, water in the blood to hydrogen ions, electrons and active oxygen.
15. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 14 , wherein said photolytic coating further comprises a disproportionation catalyst which converts active oxygen to dissolved oxygen.
16. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 1 , wherein said capillary has an internal diameter of 10μ or more.
17. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 1 , wherein said capillary has an internal diameter of 10-200μ.
18. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 1 , wherein the photolytic cell comprises a mesoporous material.
19. The artificial pulmonary capillary of claim 8 , wherein said disproportionation catalyst includes at least one of Fe II , Fe III , Cu I , Cu II , Co II , Co III , Mn II , Mn III , Mn IV , and MnO 2 .
20. The photolytic cell of claim 18 , wherein said cell is constructed of SAMMS.