Combination bacteriolytic therapy for the treatment of tumors
Current chemotherapeutic approaches for cancer are in part limited by the inability of drugs to destroy neoplastic cells within poorly vascularized compartments of tumors. We have here systematically assessed anaerobic bacteria for their capacity to grow expansively within avascutar compartments of transplanted tumors. Among 26 different strains tested, one ( Clostridium novyi ) appeared particularly promising. We created a strain of C. novyi devoid of its lethal toxin ( C. novyi -NT) and showed that intravenously injected C. novyi -NT spores germinated within the avascular regions of tumors in mice and destroyed surrounding viable tumor cells. When C. novyi -NT spores were administered together with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, extensive hemorrhagic necrosis of tumors often developed within 24 hours, resulting in significant and prolonged anti-tumor effects. This strategy, called combination bacteriolytic therapy (COBALT), has the potential to add a valuablle dimension to the treatment of cancer.
1. A method for treating a tumor in a mammal, comprising:
administering to the mammal spores of an isolated and bacteriologically pure Clostridium novyi bacterium which is toxin-defective, whereby the tumor regresses or its growth is slowed or arrested.
2. A method for treating a tumor in a mammal, comprising:
administering to the mammal spores of an isolated and bacteriologically pure Clostridium sordeili bacterium which is toxin-defective, whereby the tumor regresses or its growth is slowed or arrested.
3. A method for treating a tumor in a mammal comprising:
administering to the manunal spores of an anaerobic bacterium in which a toxin gene of a wild type form of the anaerobic bacterium is deleted, rendering the spores of the anaerobic bacterium less toxic to the mammal; and
administering to the mammal an anti-tumor agent;
whereby the tumor regresses or its growth is slowed or arrested, and wherein the anaerobic bacterium is Clostridium novyi or clostridium sordellii.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the spores are administered intravenously.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the spores are administered intratumorally.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein the anti-tumor agent is radiation.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein the anti-tumor agent is an antibody.
8. The method of claim 3 wherein the anti-tumor agent collapses tumor vasculature.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the spores are administered intravenously.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the spores are administered intratumorally.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the anti-tumor agent is vinblastine.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the anti-tumor agent is vincristine.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the anti-tumor agent is colchicine.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein the anti-tumor agent is combretastatin A-4.
15. The method of claim 8 wherein the anti-tumor agent is dolastatin-10.
16. The method of claim 8 wherein the anti-tumor agent is 5,6 dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid.
17. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
administering a DNA damaging chemotherapeutic drug.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the DNA damaging chemotherapeutic drug is mitomycin C.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the DNA damaging chemotherapeutic drug is cytoxan.
20. The method of claim 3 wherein the spores and anti-tumor agent are administered serially.
21. The method of claim 17 wherein the spores and agent and DNA damaging chemotherapeutic drug are administered serially.
22. A method for treating a tumor in a mammal comprising:
intravenously administering to the mammal spores of a Clostridium novyi bacterium which is toxin-defective;
administering dolastatin-10 to the mammal;
whereby the tumor regresses or its growth is slowed or arrested.
23. A method for treating a tumor in a mammal comprising:
intravenously administering to the mammal spores of a Clostridium novyi bacterium which is toxin-defective;
administering dolastatin-10 to the mammal; and
administering cytoxan to the mammal;
whereby the tumor regresses or its growth is slowed or arrested.
24. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
administering allopurinol to the mammal.
25. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
hydrating the mammal.
26. The method of claim 3 further comprising: administering urate oxidase to the mammal.
27. The method of claim 8 further comprising: administering allopurinol to the mammal.
28. The method of claim 8 further comprising: hydrating the mammal.
29. The method of claim 8 further comprising: administering urate oxidase to the mammal.
30. The method of claim 8 further comprising: administering a steroidal agent to the mammal.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein the steroidal agent is prednisone.
32. The method of claim 8 further comprising: administering G-CSF to the mammal.
33. The method of claim 17 further comprising: administering allopurinol to the mammal.
34. The method of claim 17 further comprising: hydrating the mammal.
35. The method of claim 17 further comprising: administering urate oxidase to the mammal.
36. The method of claim 17 further comprising: administering a steroidal agent to the mammal.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein the steroidal agent is prednisone.
38. The method of claim 17 further comprising: administering G-CSF to the mammal.
39. The method of claim 1 wherein the bacterium is cured of an episome which comprises a gene encoding the toxin.
40. The method of claim 2 wherein the bacterium is cured of an episome which comprises a gene encoding the toxin.
41. The method of claim 3 wherein the bacterium is cured of an episome which comprises a gene encoding the toxin.
42. The method of claim 22 wherein the bacterium is cured of an episome which comprises a gene encoding the toxin.
43. The method of claim 23 wherein the bacterium is cured of an episome which comprises a gene encoding the toxin.