Laser cavity pumping method and laser system thereof

1. A pumping method of discrete-elements solid state laser systems pumped by semiconductor laser diodes, the method comprising sending a pump beam having a pump power greater than 10 W through an active medium that includes a first face to be crossed by the pump beam, and a second face to be crossed by the pump beam along a pumping axis being associated to the pump beam, the active medium being inserted in a laser cavity having a cavity propagation axis,

wherein the pumping axis coincides with the cavity propagation axis inside the active medium, and is perpendicular to an optical surface met by the pump beam after crossing the first face of the active medium,

wherein the optical surface is partially reflecting at a wavelength of the pump beam and non reflecting at a wavelength at which a laser beam propagates in the laser cavity;

wherein the pump beam is focused in a volume of the active medium between the first face of the active medium and two thirds of a length starting from the first face (area I), so that a strongly divergent radiation meets the second face of the active medium.

2. A pumping method of discrete-elements solid state laser systems pumped by semiconductor laser diodes, the method comprising:

sending a pump beam through an active medium that includes a first face to be crossed by the pump beam, and a second face to be crossed by the pump beam along a pumping axis being associated with the pump beam, the active medium being inserted in a laser cavity having a cavity propagation axis, wherein the pumping axis coincides with the cavity propagation axis inside the active medium, and is perpendicular to an optical surface met by the pump beam after crossing the first face of the active medium, wherein the optical surface is partially reflecting at a wavelength of the pump beam and non reflecting at a wavelength at which a laser beam propagates in the laser cavity,

wherein the pump beam is focused in the volume of the active medium between two thirds of a length starting from the first face of the active medium and the second face of the active medium (area II), so that the distance of the second face from the pump beam waist position is shorter than the pump beam confocal parameter (Z r,p ).

3. A pumping method of discrete-elements solid state laser systems pumped by semiconductor laser diodes, the method comprising:

sending a pump beam through an active medium that includes a first face to be crossed by the pump beam, and a second face to be crossed by the pump beam along a pumping axis being associated with the pump beam, the active medium being inserted in a laser cavity having a cavity propagation axis, wherein the pumping axis coincides with the cavity propagation axis inside the active medium, and is perpendicular to an optical surface met by the pump beam after crossing the first face of the active medium, wherein the optical surface is partially reflecting at a wavelength of the pump beam and non reflecting at a wavelength at which a laser beam propagates in the laser cavity,

wherein the optical surface is the second face of the active medium and the optical surface reflects more than 60% of the light at a wavelength of the pump beam, and the light traveling along the pumping axis is reflected on itself at the optical surface within 2 degrees tolerance.

4. A pumping method of discrete-elements solid state laser systems pumped by semiconductor laser diodes, the method comprising:

sending a pump beam through an active medium that includes a first face to be crossed by the pump beam, and a second face to be crossed by the pump beam along a pumping axis being associated with the pump beam, the active medium being inserted in a laser cavity having a cavity propagation axis, wherein the pumping axis coincides with the cavity propagation axis inside the active medium, and is perpendicular to an optical surface met by the pump beam after crossing the first face of the active medium, wherein the optical surface is partially reflecting at a wavelength of the pump beam and non reflecting at a wavelength at which a laser beam propagates in the laser cavity, and

maintaining a larger average diameter of the pump beam inside the active medium than the diameter of a fundamental laser mode TEM 0,0 of the laser beam.

5. A pumping method of discrete-elements solid state laser systems pumped by semiconductor laser diodes, the method comprising:

sending a pump beam through an active medium that includes a first face to be crossed by the pump beam, and a second face to be crossed by the pump beam along a pumping axis being associated with the pump beam, the active medium being inserted in a laser cavity having a cavity propagation axis, wherein the pumping axis coincides with the cavity propagation axis inside the active medium, and is perpendicular to an optical surface met by the pump beam after crossing the first face of the active medium, wherein the optical surface is partially reflecting at a wavelength of the pump beam and non reflecting at a wavelength at which a laser beam propagates in the laser cavity, and

maintaining a ratio between a diameter D, calculated at 1/e 2 of a fundamental laser mode in the active medium, and an equivalent diameter (d eq ), which is twice the pump beam radius at 1/e 2 of the longitudinally integrated distribution P int (r) along the longitudinal coordinate, of the absorbed pump power spatial distribution, less than or equal to 0.8.

6. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 5 , further comprising changing the value of the ratio D/d eq by one or more of displacing the position of the pumping focus in the active medium, and changing the emission wavelength of the semiconductor laser diodes.

7. A pumping method of discrete-elements solid state laser systems pumped by semiconductor laser diodes, the method comprising:

sending a pump beam through an active medium that includes a first face to be crossed by the pump beam, and a second face to be crossed by the pump beam along a pumping axis being associated with the pump beam, the active medium being inserted in a laser cavity having a cavity propagation axis, wherein the pumping axis coincides with the cavity propagation axis inside the active medium, and is perpendicular to an optical surface met by the pump beam after crossing the first face of the active medium, wherein the optical surface is partially reflecting at a wavelength of the pump beam and non reflecting at a wavelength at which a laser beam propagates in the laser cavity,

maintaining a larger average diameter of the pump beam inside the active medium than the diameter of a fundamental laser mode TEM 0,0 of the laser beam, and

using a pump source, whose transverse distribution is radially symmetrical with respect to the pumping axis of the pump beam, and a crystal with a length ranging from 1 to 3 times the pump beam confocal parameter, in order to obtain laser beam qualities ranging between M 2 =1.3 and M 2 =2.2.

8. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 3 , wherein the pump beam is virtually focused in the active medium beyond the second face of the active medium (area III), so that a still convergent pump beam meets the second face of the active medium.

9. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 3 , wherein the optical surface is the second face of the active medium and the optical surface reflects at least 90% of the light at the wavelength of the pump beam.

10. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 1 , wherein the second face of the active medium transmits light at a wavelength of the pump beam, and the optical surface includes an optical element outside the active medium reflecting the pump beam in a direction coinciding with the incidence direction within 2° tolerance.

11. A pumping method of discrete-elements solid state laser systems pumped by semiconductor laser diodes, the method comprising:

sending a pump beam through an active medium that includes a first face to be crossed by the pump beam, and a second face to be crossed by the pump beam along a pumping axis being associated with the pump beam, the active medium being inserted in a laser cavity having a cavity propagation axis,

wherein the pumping axis coincides with the cavity propagation axis inside the active medium, and is perpendicular to an optical surface met by the pump beam after crossing the first face of the active medium,

wherein the optical surface is partially reflecting at a wavelength of the pump beam and non reflecting at a wavelength at which a laser beam propagates in the laser cavity, and

wherein the pump beam is not fully absorbed after a first pass through the active medium, but is mostly absorbed after two passes in the active medium, with a power of the pump beam after two passes being less than 50% of the power of the pump beam prior to entering the active medium.

12. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 1 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by the type and doping of the material of the active medium.

13. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 1 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by means of one or more of a wavelength of the pump beam, the length of the active medium, and the polarization state of the pump beam.

14. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 1 , wherein the length of the active medium is 1 to 10 times longer than a confocal parameter of the pump beam.

15. A pumping method of discrete-elements solid state laser systems pumped by semiconductor laser diodes, the method comprising:

sending a pump beam through an active medium that includes a first face to be crossed by the pump beam, and a second face to be crossed by the pump beam along a pumping axis being associated with the pump beam, the active medium being inserted in a laser cavity having a cavity propagation axis, wherein the pumping axis coincides with the cavity propagation axis inside the active medium, and is perpendicular to an optical surface met by the pump beam after crossing the first face of the active medium, wherein the optical surface is partially reflecting at a wavelength of the pump beam and non reflecting at a wavelength at which a laser beam propagates in the laser cavity, and

providing for changing a position of the pump beam focus or a wavelength of the semiconductor laser diodes.

16. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 1 , further comprising employing more than one wavelength in the pump beam.

17. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 2 , wherein the second face of the active medium transmits light at a wavelength of the pump beam, and the optical surface includes an optical element outside the active medium reflecting the pump beam in a direction coinciding with the incidence direction within 4° tolerance.

18. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 2 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by the type and doping of the material of the active medium.

19. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 2 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by means of one or more of a wavelength of the pump beam, the length of the active medium, and the polarization state of the pump beam.

20. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 2 , wherein the length of the active medium is 1 to 10 times longer than a confocal parameter of the pump beam.

21. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 4 , wherein the second face of the active medium transmits light at a wavelength of the pump beam, and the optical surface includes an optical element outside the active medium reflecting the pump beam in a direction coinciding with the incidence direction within 4° tolerance.

22. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 4 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by the type and doping of the material of the active medium.

23. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 4 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by means of one or more of a wavelength of the pump beam, the length of the active medium, and the polarization state of the pump beam.

24. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 4 , wherein the length of the active medium is 1 to 10 times longer than a confocal parameter of the pump beam.

25. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 5 , wherein the second face of the active medium transmits light at a wavelength of the pump beam, and the optical surface includes an optical element outside the active medium reflecting the pump beam in a direction coinciding with the incidence direction within 4° tolerance.

26. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 5 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by the type and doping of the material of the active medium.

27. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 5 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by means of one or more of a wavelength of the pump beam, the length of the active medium, and the polarization state of the pump beam.

28. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 5 , wherein the length of the active medium is 1 to 10 times longer than a confocal parameter of the pump beam.

29. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 7 , wherein the second face of the active medium transmits light at a wavelength of the pump beam, and the optical surface includes an optical element outside the active medium reflecting the pump beam in a direction coinciding with the incidence direction within 4° tolerance.

30. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 7 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by the type and doping of the material of the active medium.

31. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 7 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by means of one or more of a wavelength of the pump beam, the length of the active medium, and the polarization state of the pump beam.

32. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 7 , wherein the length of the active medium is 1 to 10 times longer than a confocal parameter of the pump beam.

33. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 3 , wherein the second face of the active medium transmits light at a wavelength of the pump beam, and the optical surface includes an optical element outside the active medium reflecting the pump beam in a direction coinciding with the incidence direction within 4° tolerance.

34. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 3 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by the type and doping of the material of the active medium.

35. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 3 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by means of one or more of a wavelength of the pump beam, the length of the active medium, and the polarization state of the pump beam.

36. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 3 , wherein the length of the active medium is 1 to 10 times longer than a confocal parameter of the pump beam.

37. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 11 , wherein the second face of the active medium transmits light at a wavelength of the pump beam, and the optical surface includes an optical element outside the active medium reflecting the pump beam in a direction coinciding with the incidence direction within 4° tolerance.

38. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 11 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by the type and doping of the material of the active medium.

39. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 11 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by means of one or more of a wavelength of the pump beam, the length of the active medium, and the polarization state of the pump beam.

40. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 11 , wherein the length of the active medium is 1 to 10 times longer than a confocal parameter of the pump beam.

41. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 15 , wherein the second face of the active medium transmits light at a wavelength of the pump beam, and the optical surface includes an optical element outside the active medium reflecting the pump beam in a direction coinciding with the incidence direction within 4° tolerance.

42. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 15 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by the type and doping of the material of the active medium.

43. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 15 , wherein an absorption length of the pump beam and volumetric distribution of the population inversion in the active medium are determined by means of one or more of a wavelength of the pump beam, the length of the active medium, and the polarization state of the pump beam.

44. A pumping method of laser systems according to claim 15 , wherein the length of the active medium is 1 to 10 times longer than a confocal parameter of the pump beam.