Subsea structure and methods of construction and installation thereof
A method and apparatus for buoyancy distribution along a substantially vertical submarine structure ( 100 ), the structure being provided with multiple modules ( 110 ), slidably mounted to the structure such that when vertically deployed at sea the modules are may adjust their positions along the structure by sliding, the force of each module acting upon the module above it rather than locally along the structure, resulting in the cumulative force ( 460 ) from the modules acting substantially against the top of the structure. Forces between modules may be evenly distributed by use of compliant intermediaries ( 310 ).
1. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure having a top, wherein said subsea structure is provided with a plurality of buoyancy modules, said buoyancy modules being slidably mounted to said subsea structure, such that when said subsea structure is deployed at sea in a substantially vertical orientation said buoyancy modules are free to adjust their positions up or down said subsea structure by sliding, the buoyancy force of each buoyancy module acting upon the buoyancy module above it rather than locally along the structure, and the cumulative buoyancy force from said buoyancy modules acting substantially against said top of said subsea structure.
2. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said substantially vertical orientation comprises some degree off true vertical, but orientated such that said elongate object rises substantially from seabed to surface.
3. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2 , wherein said acting substantially against the top comprises acting at a distance below the top, but such that the buoyancy is acting near the top taking into consideration the full length of the elongate object.
4. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2 , wherein said subsea structure is a steel catenary riser.
5. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2 , wherein said subsea structure comprises a bundle of risers.
6. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said bundle of risers comprises a bundle of seven risers arranged with one in the centre and the rest spaced apart and distributed evenly therearound.
7. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in claim 6 , wherein said central riser comprises a supporting core.
8. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said buoyancy modules are provided in a number of sections, to facilitate fitting around at least one of said risers.
9. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2 , wherein said buoyancy force acts cumulatively as a result of each buoyancy module acting directly on the one above.
10. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed any one of claim 1 or 2 , wherein said buoyancy force acts cumulatively as a result of each buoyancy module acting on the one above via an intermediary.
11. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in claim 10 , wherein said intermediary comprises a pad of compressible material.
12. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2 , wherein said structure further comprises a top plate, said buoyancy force acting against the top of said structure as a result of the uppermost buoyancy module acting against said top plate.
13. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2 , wherein said buoyancy force acts against the top of said structure as a result of the uppermost module being fixed to said subsea structure.
14. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2 , wherein said buoyancy modules are, in their original configuration, spaced substantially evenly along said subsea structure to enable said subsea structure to be floated to a deployment site in a substantially horizontal orientation prior to deployment.
15. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2 , wherein said structure is provided with a substantial top buoyancy.
16. A method of installing an elongate subsea structure as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the structure is supported completely by distributed buoyancy.
17. An elongate subsea structure prepared for installation by the method as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2 .
18. An elongate subsea structure installed by the method as claimed in any one of claim 1 or 2 .