Organ preconditioning, arrest, protection, preservation and recovery

1 - 25 . (canceled)

26 . A method for reducing electrical disturbance of a cell's resting membrane potential comprising administering to the cell an effective amount of a composition comprising an effective amount of a local anaesthetic and of one or more of a potassium channel opener, an adenosine receptor agonist, an anti-adrenergic, a calcium antagonist, an opioid, an NO donor and a sodium hydrogen exchange inhibitor.

27 . A method for reducing damage to a cell, tissue or organ following ischaemia comprising administering to the cell, tissue or organ an effective amount of a composition comprising an effective amount of a local anaesthetic and of one or more of a potassium channel opener, an adenosine receptor agonist, an anti-adrenergic, a calcium antagonist, an opioid, an NO donor and a sodium hydrogen exchange inhibitor.

28 . A method for preconditioning a cell or tissue during ischaemia or reperfusion comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising an effective amount of a local anaesthetic and of one or more of a potassium channel opener, an adenosine receptor agonist, an anti-adrenergic, a calcium antagonist, an opioid, an NO donor and a sodium hydrogen exchange inhibitor.

29 . A method for reducing damage to a cell, organ or tissue before, during and following a surgical or clinical intervention comprising administering to the cell, organ or tissue an effective amount of a composition comprising an effective amount of a local anaesthetic and of one or more of a potassium channel opener, an adenosine receptor agonist, an anti-adrenergic, a calcium antagonist, an opioid, an NO donor and a sodium hydrogen exchange inhibitor.

30 . A method according to claim 27 wherein the anti-adrenergic is selected from beta-blockers, such as esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol and alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-antagonists such as prazosin.

31 . A method according to claim 27 wherein the opioid is selected from enkephalins, endorphins and dynorphins, preferably an enkephalin which targets delta, kappa and/or mu receptors.

32 . A method according to claim 27 wherein the opioid is a delta opioid receptor agonist.

33 . A method according to claim 27 wherein the calcium antagonist is selected from Amlodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, lercanidipine, telodipine, angizem, altiazem, bepridil, amlodipine, felodipine, mibefradil, isradipine, cavero, Bay K 8644(L-type) (1,4-dihydro-26-dimethyl-5-nitro-[2(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-pyridine carboxylic acid (methyl ester)), calciseptine (L-type), omega-conotoxin GVIA (N-type), omega-conotoxin MVIIC (Q-type), cyproheptadine HCl, dantrolene sodium, diltiazem HCl (L-type), filodipine, flunarizine HCl (Ca 2+ /Na + ), fluspirilene (L-type), HA-1077 2HCl(1-(5 isoquinolinyl sulphonyl) homo piperazine.HCl), isradipine, loperamide HCl, manoalide, niguldipine HCl (L-type), nitrendipine (L-type), pimozide (L- and T-type), ruthenium red, ryanodine (SR channels), taicatoxin, verapamil HCl (L-type), Azelnidipine (L-type) methoxy-verapamil HCl (L-type), YS-035 HCl (L-type)N[2(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3,4-dimethoxy N-nethyl benzene ethaneamine HCl) and calcium antagonists with AV blocking actions, such as verapamil.

34 . A method according to claim 27 wherein NO donor is either nitric-oxide synthase independent (such as nitroprusside, nitro-glycerine, flurbiprofen or its NO-donating derivative, HCT1026 (2-fluoro-a-methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-acetic acid and 4-(nitrooxy)butyl ester) or nitric-oxide synthase dependent (such as regulator calcium calmodulin and L-arginine).

35 . A method according to claim 27 wherein the sodium hydrogen exchange inhibitor is selected from amiloride, cariporide, eniporide, triamterene and EMD 84021, EMD 94309, EMD 96785, HOE 642 and T-162559.

36 . A method according to claim 27 wherein the cell is a myocyte, endothelial cell, smooth-muscle cell, neutrophil, platelet and other inflammatory cells, or the tissue is heart tissue or vasculature, or the organ is a heart.

37 . A method according to claim 29 wherein the composition further comprises an agent selected from normal or low-molecular-weight heparin (such as enoxaparin), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (such as indomethacin, ibuprofen, rofecoxib, naproxen, celecoxib or fluoxetine), an anti-platelet drug (such as Clopidogrel), platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors (such as abciximab), statins (such as pravastatin), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (such as captopril) and angiotensin blockers (such as valsartin).

38 . A method according to claim 27 wherein the composition further comprises one or more of an antioxidant, ionic magnesium, an impermeant and a metabolic substrate.

39 . A method according to claim 27 wherein the composition has been oxygenated.

40 . A method according to claim 27 comprising administering the composition as part of a medicament including the composition and a blood-based or crystalloid carrier.

41 . A method according to claim 40 wherein the medicament has concentrations of one or more of sodium, calcium and chloride lower than physiological concentrations.

42 . A method according to claim 40 wherein the medicament has concentrations of one or more of sodium, calcium and chloride that have been adjusted from blood physiological concentrations.

43 . A method according to claim 27 wherein the composition is at a temperature of profound hypothermia (0 to 4 degrees Celsius), moderate hypothermia (5 to 20 degrees Celsius), mild hypothermia (20 to 32 degrees Celsius) or normothermia (32 to 38 degrees Celsius).

44 . A method according to claim 27 wherein the components of the medicament or composition are combined before administration or when the components are administered substantially simultaneously or co-administered.

45 . Use of a composition or medicament according to claim 27 for treatment of a subject in need thereof.