Galactooligosaccharide composition and the preparation thereof
Novel strains of Bifidobacterium hifidum capable of producing a novel galactosidase enzyme activity that converts lactose to a novel mixture of galactooligosaccharides. The mixture of oligosaccharidcs may be incorporated into numerous food products or animal feeds for improving gut health by promoting the growth of bifidobacteria in the gut, and repressing the growth of the pathogenic microflora.
1. A strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum having accession no. NCIMB 41171 capable of producing a galactosidase enzyme activity that converts lactose to a galactooligosaccharide mixture comprising disaccharide Gal (α1-6)-Gal, at least one trisaccharide selected from the group consisting of Gal (β1-6)-Gal(β1-4)-Glc and Gal(β1-3)-Gal(β1-4)-Glc, tetrasaccharide Gal (β1-6)-Gal(β1-6)-Gal(β1-4)-Glc and pentasaccharide Gal (β1-6)-Gal(β1-6)-Gal (β1-6)-Gal(β1-4)-Glc.
2. The strain according to claim 1 , wherein the galactooligosaccharide mixture comprises from 20 to 35% w/v of the disaccharide, from 20 to 35% w/v of the at least one trisaccharide, from 15 to 25% w/v of the tetrasaccharide and from 10 to 20% w/v of the pentasaccharide.
3. A galactooligosaccharide composition for promoting specific growth of bifidobacteria comprising, as effective constituents, a galactooligosaccharide mixture comprising disaccharide Gal(α1-6)-Gal, at least one trisaccharide selected from the group consisting of Gal (β1-6)-Gal(β1-4)-Glc and Gal (β1-3)-Gal (β1-4)-Glc, tetrasaccharide Gal (β1-6)-Gal(β1-6)-Gal(β1-4)-Glc and pentasaccharide Gal (β1-6)-Gal(β1-6)-Gal (β1-6) -Gal(β1-4)-Glc.
4. The galactooligosaccharide composition according to claim 3 , comprising from 20 to 35% w/v of the disaccharide, from 20-35% w/v of the at least one trisaccharide, from 15-25% w/v of the tetrasaccharide and from 10-20% w/v of the pentasaccharide.
5. A composition for improving gut health comprising the galactooligosaccharide composition of claim 3 and a culture of a strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum capable of producing a galactosidase enzyme activity that converts lactose to the galactooligosaccharide mixture.
6. A method for preventing adhesion of pathogens or toxins produced by pathogens to the gut wall, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the galactooligosaccharide composition of claim 3 .
7. A method for re-establishing a normal gut flora following antibiotic treatment or surgery, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the galactooligosaccharide composition of claim 3 .
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the galactooligosaccharide composition is combined with a culture of strain NCIMB 41171 from Bifidobacterium bifidum .
9. A product for improving gut health comprising the galactooligosaccharide composition of claim 3 .
10. The product for improving gut health of claim 9 , further comprising a food or beverage selected from the group consisting of dairy products, beverages, infant foods, cereals, bread, biscuits, confectionary, cakes, food supplements, dietary supplements, animal feeds, poultry feeds, and combinations thereof, or any other food or beverage.
11. The product of claim 9 , further comprising a culture of strain NCIMB 41171 from Bifidobacterium bifidum .
12. A method for the manufacture of a substance for promoting the growth of bifidobacteria comprising:
treating lactose or a lactose-containing material with cells from the strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum of claim 1 ; and
removing the cells from the treated lactose or lactose-containing material.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the lactose or the lactose-containing material is selected from the group consisting of commercially-available lactose, whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed milk, whey and fat-filled milk.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the milk is obtained from cattle, buffalos, sheep or goats.
15. The method according to claim 12 , wherein following removal of the Bifidobacterium bifidum cells, the substance is spray-dried to produce a powder.
16. A method for treating inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome, comprising: administering an effective amount of the galactooligosaccharide composition of claim 3 .