Directed selective solid-phase culturing of stable microbial mixed populations for the continuous preparation of defined enzyme and metabolite mixtures
The present invention provides a method for directed selective solid-phase culturing of stable microbial mixed populations for the continuous preparation of defined enzyme and metabolite mixtures, enzyme and metabolite materials obtained by such method and suitable devices therefore.
1. A semisterile culture method for producing an enzyme mixture by a mixed culture of microorganisms optimized for the degradation of one or more target substrates, the method comprising
(a) cultivating an inoculum of a mixed culture of microorganisms in a solid-phase bioreactor with one or more solid inducer substrates, wherein at least two microorganisms are selected from A. niger, A. tubingensis and Neurospora intermedia , and wherein at least one solid inducer substrate is rape extraction material,
(b) controlling the water activity during the cultivation to force selection pressure on the growing mixed culture of microorganisms; and
(c) adding one or more solid target substrates to the mixed culture in the bioreactor at one or more later time points during the course of the cultivation, wherein the solid target substrates are different from the inducer substrates and whereby producing the enzyme mixture optimized for the degradation of one or more target substrates.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the inoculum of a mixed culture is obtained by culturing a solid or liquid preculture of mixed microorganisms adapted to solid or liquid substrates.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water activity is controlled by the addition of water and its removal by evaporation.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the water activity is between 0.85 and 0.99.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed in a continuous manner or in a step-wise manner with one or more process cycles.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme mixture is suitable applied as such.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme mixture is separated from the culture to obtain a liquid enzyme cocktail.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme mixture is suitable for the saccharification of natural polysaccharide substrates or for the degradation of vegetable, animal or microbial polymers.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplementing the enzyme mixture with commercially available enzymes.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme mixture is suitable for fermentation under essentially anaerobic or anaerobic conditions.
11. The method claim 1 , wherein the enzyme mixture is a hydrolase cocktail, oxidoreductase cocktail, or a combination thereof.
12. The culturing method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme mixture is directly supplied to the downstream processes.
13. The culturing method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme mixture is transferred to another solid state process operation in which the substrate which is to be fermented later is selectively utilized for producing enzymes and at least partially hydrolyzed.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the methods are performed in screw reactor, drum reactor, tower reactors trickling film reactor, solid-state air-lift reactor, horizontal mixer, or vertical mixer.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the semisterile culture is performed according to the principle of screw conveying, pressure screw conveying, or conveying belt transport.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the semisterile culture is modified or in a cascade form.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the semisterile culture is performed
(a) in a screw reactor either singly or arranged in a cascade form; or
(b) in special solid-state air-lift reactors; or
(c) as batch cultures, fed-batch cultures or continuously.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising conservation of the obtained semisterile culture by decreasing the water activity during the fermentation process, wherein water activity is decreased by air flow through the substrate or by a final drying step.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the final drying step is in a fluidised bed or belt dryer.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein a leaching of the produced enzyme mixture is carried out by moving or stirring it with water, buffer, detergent/water or detergent/buffer solutions for 30 min to 2 hours and wherein the produced enzyme mixture is filtered and the filtrate is further used as a solvent for additional leaching cycles for receiving a highly concentrated enzyme slurry.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the filtrate is used as a solvent for up to 10 additional leaching cycles.
22. An enzyme mixture produced by a process comprising:
(a) cultivating an inoculum of a mixed culture of microorganisms in a solid-phase bioreactor with one or more solid inducer substrates, wherein at least two microorganisms are selected from A. niger, A. tubingensis and Neurospora intermedia , and
wherein at least one solid inducer substrate is rape extraction material,
(b) controlling the water activity during the cultivation to force selection pressure on the growing mixed culture of microorganisms; and
(c) adding one or more solid target substrates to the mixed culture in the bioreactor at one or more later time points during the course of the cultivation, wherein the solid target substrates are different from the inducer substrates; thereby producing the enzyme mixture.
23. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the culturing is performed in a bioreactor comprising a fermentation module for the fermentation of substrates under selection pressure whereby the fermentation module comprises regulation means to adjust a fermentation environment, a feeding means being connected to the fermentation module to feed the substrate, an induction module for adding reagents to the fermentation media, a harvesting module comprising outlet means and a conveying means to convey the media from the fermentation module through the induction module to the harvesting module.