Fluorescent security ink using carbon nanotubes
The present invention is directed toward fluorescent inks and markers comprising carbon nanotubes. The present invention is also directed toward methods of making such inks and markers and to methods of using such inks and markers, especially for security applications (e.g., anti-counterfeiting). Such inks and markers rely on the unique fluorescent properties of semiconducting carbon nanotubes.
1. A fluorescent ink, comprising:
a solvent;
a surfactant; and
carbon nanotubes suspended in the solvent;
wherein the carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the solvent;
wherein the carbon nanotubes are fluorescent and have diameters of less than about 3 nm; and
wherein the carbon nanotubes have a visible excitation and an emission following the visible excitation; and
wherein the fluorescent ink is suitable for deposition on a surface.
2. The fluorescent ink of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are selected from the group consisting of single-wall carbon nanotubes, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, double-wall carbon nanotubes, and combinations thereof.
3. The fluorescent ink of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise single-wall carbon nanotubes.
4. The fluorescent ink of claim 3 , wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise an essentially homogenous population of carbon nanotubes;
wherein the essentially homogenous population comprises a property selected from the group consisting of type, dimension, or species.
5. The fluorescent ink of claim 3 , wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise separated carbon nanotubes;
wherein the separated carbon nanotubes have fluorescence properties tuned within a range of excitation and emission wavelengths.
6. The fluorescent ink of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, organic solvents, supercritical fluids, and combinations thereof.
7. A fluorescent ink, comprising:
a solvent;
wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, organic solvents, supercritical fluids and combinations thereof;
a surfactant; and
single-wall carbon nanotubes suspended in the solvent;
wherein the single-wall carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the solvent;
wherein the single-wall carbon nanotubes are fluorescent and have diameters of less than about 3 nm; and
wherein the single-wall carbon nanotubes have a visible excitation and an emission following the visible excitation; and
wherein the fluorescent ink is suitable for deposition on a surface.
8. The fluorescent ink of claim 1 , further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of traditional fluorescent inks, dyes, binders, nanoparticles, magnetic materials, and combinations thereof.
9. The fluorescent ink of claim 3 , wherein the emission comprises a near-infrared emission.
10. The fluorescent ink of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent ink is suitable for deposition on the surface in a patterned form.
11. A fluorescent ink, comprising:
a solvent; and
carbon nanotubes suspended in the solvent;
wherein the carbon nanotubes are homogenized by electronic type;
wherein the carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the solvent;
wherein the carbon nanotubes are fluorescent and have diameters of less than about 3 nm; and
wherein the carbon nanotubes have a visible excitation and an emission following the visible excitation; and
wherein the fluorescent ink is suitable for deposition on a surface.
12. The fluorescent ink of claim 1 , further comprising a polymer.
13. The fluorescent ink of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are chemically derivatized.
14. A fluorescent ink, comprising:
a solvent; and
single-wall carbon nanotubes suspended in the solvent;
wherein the single-wall carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the solvent;
wherein the single-wall carbon nanotubes are fluorescent and have diameters of less than about 3 nm; and
wherein the single-wall carbon nanotubes have a visible excitation and an emission following the visible excitation; and
wherein the fluorescent ink is suitable for deposition on a surface; and
wherein the fluorescent ink comprises an invisible ink.