Plants with increased activity of a class 3 branching enzyme
The present invention relates to plant cells and plants, which are genetically modified wherein the genetic modification leads to an increase in the activity of a Class 3 vegetable branching enzyme in comparison with corresponding wild type plant cells or wild type plants that have not been genetically modified. Furthermore, the present invention relates to means and methods for the manufacture of such plant cells and plants. Plant cells and plants of this type synthesise a modified starch. The present invention therefore also relates to the starch synthesised by the plant cells and plants according to the invention as well as to methods for the manufacture of the starch and to the manufacture of starch derivatives of this modified starch.
1 . A genetically modified plant cell having an increased activity of at least one Class 3 branching enzyme in comparison with corresponding wild type plant cells that have not been genetically modified.
2 . The genetically modified plant cell according to claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified plant cell comprises at least one foreign nucleic acid molecule that has been introduced into the genome of the plant cell.
3 . The genetically modified plant cell according to claim 2 , wherein the foreign nucleic acid molecule codes a Class 3 branching enzyme.
4 . The genetically modified plant cell according to claim 3 , wherein the said foreign nucleic acid molecule is
a) a nucleic acid molecule, which codes a protein with the amino acid sequence given under Seq ID NO 4;
b) a nucleic acid molecule, which codes a protein, the amino acid sequence of which has an identity of at least 50% with the amino acid sequence given under SEQ ID NO: 4;
c) a nucleic acid molecule, which includes the nucleotide sequence of Seq ID NO 3 or a complementary sequence;
d) a nucleic acid molecule, the nucleic acid sequence of which has an identity of at least 50% with the nucleic acid sequences described under a) or c);
e) a nucleic acid molecule, which hybridizes with at least one strand of the nucleic acid molecules described under a) or c) under stringent conditions;
f) a nucleic acid molecule, the nucleotide sequence of which deviates from the sequence of the nucleic acid molecules identified under a), b), c), d), e) or f) due to the degeneration of the genetic code; or
g) a nucleic acid molecule, which represents fragments, allelic variants and/or derivatives of the nucleic acid molecules identified under a), b), c), d), e) or f).
5 . The genetically modified plant cell according to claim 2 , wherein said foreign nucleic acid molecule is
a) a T-DNA molecule, which leads to an increase in the expression of a Class 3 branching enzyme gene due to integration in the vegetable genome;
b) a DNA molecule, which contains transposons, which leads to an increase in the expression of a Class 3 branching enzyme gene due to integration in the vegetable genome;
c) a DNA molecule, which codes a Class 3 branching enzyme and which are linked with regulatory sequences, which guarantee transcription in vegetable cells and lead to an increase in Class 3 branching enzyme activity in the cell; or
d) a nucleic acid molecule introduced by means of in vivo mutagenesis, which leads to a mutation or an insertion of a heterologous sequence in at least one endogenous gene coding a Class 3 branching enzyme, wherein mutation or insertion effects an increase in the expression of a gene coding a Class 3 branching enzyme.
6 . A plant cell according to claim 1 , which synthesizes a modified starch in comparison with corresponding wild type plant cells that have not been genetically modified.
7 . A plant containing plant cells according to claim 1 .
8 . A plant according to claim 7 , which is a starch-storing plant.
9 . A plant according to claim 7 , which is a maize, rice, wheat, rye, oat, barley, cassava, potato, sago, mung bean, pea or sorghum plant.
10 . The plant according to claim 9 , which is a potato plant.
11 . Propagation material of plants according to claim 7 .
12 . Harvestable plant parts of plants according to claim 7 .
13 . A method for the manufacture of a genetically modified plant according to claim 7 , comprising
a) genetically modifying a plant cell, whereby the genetic modification leads to an increase in the activity of a Class 3 vegetable branching enzyme in comparison with corresponding wild type plant cells that have not been genetically modified;
b) regenerating a plant from plant cells from Step a); and
c) if necessary, producing further plants with the help of the plants according to Step b).
14 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein the genetic modification comprises introduction of a foreign nucleic acid molecule into the genome of the plant.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the said foreign nucleic acid molecule is
a) a nucleic acid molecule, which codes a protein with the amino acid sequence of Seq ID NO 4;
b) a nucleic acid molecule, which codes a protein, the amino acid sequence of which has an identity of at least 50% with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4;
c) a nucleic acid molecule, which includes the nucleotide sequence shown under Seq ID NO 3 or a complementary sequence;
d) a nucleic acid molecule, the nucleic acid sequence of which has an identity of at least 50% with the nucleic acid sequences described under a) or c);
e) a nucleic acid molecule, which hybridizes with at least one strand of the nucleic acid molecules described under a) or c) under stringent conditions;
f) a nucleic acid molecule, the nucleotide sequence of which deviates from the sequence of the nucleic acid molecules identified under a), b), c), d), e) or f) due to the degeneration of the genetic code; or
g) a nucleic acid molecule, which represents fragments, allelic variants and/or derivatives of the nucleic acid molecules identified under a), b), c), d), e) or f).
16 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein said foreign nucleic acid molecule is
a) a T-DNA molecule, which leads to an increase in the expression of a Class 3 branching enzyme gene due to integration in the vegetable genome;
b) a DNA molecule, which contains transposons, which leads to an increase in the expression of a Class 3 branching enzyme gene due to integration in the vegetable genome;
c) a DNA molecule, which codes a Class 3 branching enzyme and which are linked with regulatory sequences, for transcription in vegetable cells and leads to an increase in Class 3 branching enzyme activity in the cell; or
d) a Nucleic acid molecule introduced by means of in vivo mutagenesis, which leads to a mutation or an insertion of a heterologous sequence in at least one endogenous gene coding a Class 3 branching enzyme, wherein the mutation or insertion effects an increase in the expression of a gene coding a Class 3 branching enzyme.
17 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein the genetically modified plant synthesizes a modified starch in comparison with corresponding wild type plants that have not been genetically modified.
18 . A modified starch obtainable from a genetically modified plant according to claim 7 , from propagation material according to claim 11 , or from harvestable plant parts according to claim 12 .
19 . A method for the manufacture of a modified starch including the step of extracting the starch from a plant cell according to claim 1 .
20 . A method for the manufacture of a modified starch including the step of extracting the starch from a plant according to claim 7 .
21 . A method for the manufacture of a modified starch including the step of extracting the starch from harvestable plant parts according to claim 12 .
22 . A method for the manufacture of a derived starch, wherein modified starch according to claim 18 or obtainable by the method according to claim 19 is derived.
23 . (canceled)
24 . A modified starch obtainable by the method according to claim 19 .
25 . Derived starch obtainable by the method according to claim 22 .
26 . (canceled)