Biosensor and method for operating the latter
A biosensor for detecting an antigen using an antigen/antibody coupling includes: a silicon substrate, at least one interdigital electrode pair structure that is located on the silicon substrate, the electrode pair being interspaced at a maximum distance of 1.0 μm; a counter-electrode on the silicon substrate; a reference electrode; a first layer of protein, covering at least the interdigital electrode structure; a selective second protein layer applied to the first layer and containing a capture antibody selected specifically with respect to the antigen of interest and to which the antigen can be coupled. A sensor signal can be read on the interdigital electrode structure, if the antigen is coupled to the capture antibody by way of a sample to be analyzed that comes into contact with the biosensor and a redox reactive molecule is enzymatically released on the sensor surface by an enzyme-marked detection antibody likewise coupled to the antigen.
1. A biosensor for detection of an antigen ( 6 ) by means of an antigen/antibody coupling, consisting of the following elements:
a silicon substrate ( 2 ),
at least one interdigital electrode pair structure ( 12 ) of electrodes ( 13 ) arranged in pairs accommodated on the silicon substrate ( 2 ) with a spacing between the electrode pairs of maximum 1.0 μm,
counter-electrode ( 11 ) accommodated on the silicon substrate ( 2 ),
a reference electrode integrated onto the silicon substrate ( 2 ),
a first layer made of protein ( 4 ) at least covering over the interdigital electrode structure ( 12 ),
a selective second protein layer applied over the first layer which contains a selected capture antibody ( 5 ) corresponding to the detecting antigen ( 6 ) and which can couple to the antigen, and
the capture antibody ( 5 ) is immobilized over the interdigital electrode structure ( 12 ) by the protein ( 4 ) of the first layer;
wherein if an antigen ( 6 ) is bound to the capture antibody ( 5 ) and the enzyme-labeled detection antibody is ( 7 ) also bound to the antigen, an enzymatic release of a redox-reactive molecule on the sensor surface ( 1 ) occurs and a sensor signal being able to be read out at the interdigital electrode structure ( 12 ) is generated.
2. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , in which the first protein layer consists of the Protein A, Protein G or Protein G′.
3. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , in which a signal is detected using alternating current or cyclic voltammetry.
4. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , which is coupled with a potentiostat for readout of the sensor signal.
5. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , in which the sample to be analyzed is provided as fluid on the surface ( 1 ) of the biosensor via a flow system.
6. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , in which interdigital electrode structures ( 12 ) and counter-electrode ( 11 ) are made of gold.
7. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , in which the reference electrode represents an Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
8. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , in which the antigen ( 6 ) is simultaneously an allergen.
9. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , in which the antigen ( 6 ) is a protein, a polypeptide or oligopeptide.
10. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , in which the antigen is a bacterium or a virus.
11. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , in which the antigen is an organic compound selected from the group consisting of a toxin, a medicine, a pesticide, anthrax, an antibiotic and an aromatic hydrocarbon.
12. A method for operation of the biosensor of claim 1 for detection of an antigen ( 6 ) by means of antigen/antibody coupling, comprising the following steps:
coating a biosensor constructed on a silicon chip with a protein base coating with a protein A, G or G′ with simultaneous covering of interdigital electrode pair structures ( 12 ) on the surface of the silicon chip;
fabricating a further layer on the protein coating which contains a capture antibody ( 5 ) which is selected so that it can coupled with the antigen ( 6 ) sought;
contacting the sensor surface ( 1 ) with a fluid to be analyzed;
contacting the sensor surface ( 1 ) with an enzyme-labeled detection antibody ( 7 );
contacting the sensor surface ( 1 ) with redox-reactive molecule specific to the enzyme that labels the detection antibody ( 7 ); and
monitoring a presence of a reaction product of the redox-reactive molecule on the sensor surface ( 1 );
wherein detection of the presence of the reaction product indicates the presence of the antigen.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 , in which the capture antibody ( 5 ) features a directed binding to the protein ( 4 ) of the first layer.
14. The biosensor as claimed in claim 2 , in which a signal is detected using alternating current or cyclic voltammetry.
15. The biosensor as claimed in claim 2 , which is coupled with a potentiostat for readout of the sensor signal.
16. The biosensor as claimed in claim 2 , in which the sample to be analyzed is provided as fluid on the surface ( 1 ) of the biosensor via a flow system.