Antimicrobial carbohydrates and methods of using same
Compositions useful for inhibiting the growth of bacteria, including bacteria that can cause gastric ulcers, are provided. In addition, transgenic organism that can produce such compositions are provided. Methods of using the compositions to treat or prevent gastric ulcers in a subject, including a human subject, also are provided.
1. An in vitro method of producing a glycoprotein having at least one α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (α1,4-linked GlcNAc) residue, comprising contacting, under conditions suitable for glycosylation of a polypeptide, milk of a mammal containing a carrier polypeptide with an α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (α4GnT), and optionally, a core2 β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase-I (C2GnT-I) or a corel extension β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (C1-β3GnT);
wherein the carrier polypeptide is a mucin-type glycoprotein that includes at least one O-glycosylation site, whereby the carrier polypeptide is glycosylated by the α4GnT, and optionally, by the C2GnT-I or by the C1-β3GnT, thereby producing a glycoprotein having at least one α1,4-linked GlcNAc residue.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the produced glycoprotein comprises a plurality of α1,4-linked GlcNAc residues.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating the produced glycoprotein.