Method of enhancing cellular production of molecular chaperone, hydroxylamine derivatives useful for enhancing the chaperone production and the preparation thereof
A method of increasing expression of a molecular chaperon by a cell and/or enhancing the activity of a molecular chaperon in cells is provided. The method comprises treating a cell that is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell with an effective amount of a certain hydroxylamine derivative to increase the stress. Alternatively, an hydroxylamine derivative can be administrated to a cell before it is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell. Preferably, the cell to which an hydroxylamine derivative is administered is an eukaryotic cell. The hydroxylamine derivative corresponds to the formulae (I) or (II). The invention also provides novel hydroxylamine derivatives falling within the scope of the formulae (I) and (II) as well as pharmaceutical and/or cosmetical compositions comprising the said compounds.
1. A method of treating a condition selected from an epithelial disease of renal tubules, atherosclerosis, coronarial disease, pulmonary hypertonia, cerebrovascular ischemia, stroke, and traumatic head injury in a mammal, comprising administering to said mammal a chemical compound, represented by formula (I″),
or a salt thereof or an optically active stereoisomer thereof, wherein
R″ is alkyl or substituted alkyl,
A is unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl, and
R 1 is H, unsubstituted or substituted straight or branched alkyl.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the mammal is a human organism.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein A is phenyl, phenyl substituted with one or more alkyl, halo alkoxy, haloalkyl or nitro, or naphthyl or N-containing heteroaryl which may be condensed with a benzene ring, or an S-containing or O-containing heteroaryl.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein A is an N-containing heteroaryl.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein R″ is ω-amino-alkyl which may be substituted on the amino and/or alkyl chain, and wherein the alkyl chain has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein R″ is an ω-amino-alkyl mono- or disubstituted on the amino, and wherein the amino substituent or substituents, independently, are one or two straight or branched alkyl or cycloalkyl, or the two amino substituents, together with the nitrogen atom attached thereto, form a 3- to 7-membered saturated hetero ring, which may contain additional heteroatoms.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical compound of formula (I″) is 5,6-dihydro-5-(1-piperidinyl)-methyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-oxadiziane.
8. The method of claim 1 or 7 , wherein the condition is selected from artherosclerosis, coronarial disease, pulmonary hypertonia, cerebrovascular ischemia, stroke, and traumatic head injury.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the condition is selected from artherosclerosis, coronarial disease, cerebrovascular ischemia, and stroke.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more cells of the mammal have been exposed to a physiological stress, cell membrane injury, or cell organellum injury.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the chemical compound is administered in an amount effective to increase the expression of a molecular chaperone by one or more cells of the mammal beyond an amount induced by the physiological stress, cell membrane injury, or cell organellum injury alone.