Nonionic telechelic polymers incorporating polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) and uses thereof
Amphiphilic telechelics incorporating polyhedraloligosilsesquioxane (POSS) synthesized by direct urethane linkage between the diol end groups of polyethylene glycol (PEG) homopolymers and the monoisocyanate group of POSS macromers. The hydrophobicity of the amphiphilic telechelics can be varied by using PEG homopolymers of increasing MW, providing for control over molecular architecture by hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance. Methods for synthesizing the amphiphilic telechelics and their use as surfactants, thickening agents, additives to plastic such as PMMA′(Plexiglass), epoxyadhesives for improving their properties are also disclosed.
1. An amphiphilic telechelic incorporating POSS having the following structure
wherein R is selected from the group of cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl. cyclocetyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, styryl, vinyl, allyl, cthylphenyl, phenyl, biphonyl, and naphithyl; and n is 1 to 23,000.
2. An amphiphilic telechelic incorporating POSS according to claim 1 wherein R is cyclohexyl.
3. An amphiphilic telechelic incorporating POSS according to claim 1 wherein n is 23 to 227.
4. An amphiphilic telechelic incorporating POSS according to claim 1 having a POSS content from about 19.0 to about 70.0 wt %.
5. An amphiphilic telechelic incorporating POSS according to claim 1 having molecular weight of about 3300 to 13,000 g/mol.
6. A method for forming amphiphilic telechelics incorporating POSS which comprises reacting polyethylene glycol homopolymer and POSS macromer, wherein the monoisocyanate groups of two of said POSS macromers are directly linked to the diol end groups of said polyethylene glycol homopolymer, and wherein the amphiphilic telechelic incorporating POSS has the structure
wherein R is an unreactive aliphatic or aryl group and n is 1 to 23,000.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of dibutyl tin dilaurate as catalyst.
8. A method according to claim 5 wherein said polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 62-1,000,000 g/mol.
9. A method according to claim 6 wherein said polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 100 to 10,000 g/mol.
10. A method according to claim 6 wherein said POSS macromer has the formula
wherein R is selected from the group of cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclooctyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, styryl, vinyl, allyl, ethylphenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, and naphthyl.
11. A method according to claim 6 wherein said POSS macromer is isocyanatopropyldimethylsilyloxycyclohexyl-POSS.
12. A method according to claim 6 wherein said polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 62-1,000,000 g/mol and said POSS macromer is isocyanatopropyldimethylsilyloxycyclohexyl-POSS.
13. A method according to claim 6 wherein the ratio of polyethylene glycol to POSS macromer used in the reaction is about 1:1.8-2.20.
14. A method according to claim 6 which comprises introducing the POSS macromer into the reaction in an amount to provide about 19.0 to about 70.0 wt % of POSS macromer in the amphiphilic telechelic produced.
15. An amphiphilic telechelic made by the method of claim 6 .
16. An amphiphilic telechelic made by the method of claim 11 .
17. A nonionic surfactant characterized by enhanced thickening behavior comprising an amphiphilic telechelic according to claim 1 .
18. A toughening additive for polymers selected from the group consisting of epoxy, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylacetate, polyethylmethacrylate, sulfonated styrene and polysulfone comprising an amphiphilic telechelic according to claim 1 .
19. A solid polymer electrolyte, consisting of an amphiphilic telechelic according to claim 1 or a blend of such amphiphilic telechelic with unmodified PEGs.