Resolvins: Biotemplates for novel therapeutic interventions
The present invention is generally drawn to novel isolated therapeutic agents, termed resolvins, generated from the interaction between a dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), cyclooxygenase-II (COX-2) and an analgesic, such as aspirin (ASA). Surprisingly, careful isolation of compounds generated from the combination of components in an appropriate environment provide di- and tri-hydroxy EPA or DHA compounds having unique structural and physiological properties. The present invention therefore provides for many new useful therapeutic di- or tri-hydroxy derivatives of EPA or DHA (resolvins) that diminish, prevent, or eliminate inflammation or PMN migration, for example. The present invention also provides methods of use, methods of preparation, and packaged pharmaceuticals for use as medicaments for the compounds disclosed throughout the specification.
1. A purified compound having the formula:
wherein each of P 1 and P 2 individually is a protecting group or a hydrogen atom;
wherein Z is —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(O)H, —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(S)H, —C(S)OR d , —C(S)NR c R c , or —CN;
each R a is independently selected from hydrogen, (C1–C6) alkyl, (C3–C8) cycloalkyl, cyclohexyl, (C4–C11) cycloalkylalkyl, (C5–C10) aryl, phenyl, (C6–C16) arylalkyl, benzyl, 2–6 membered heteroalkyl, 3–8 membered cycloheteroalkyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, piperidinyl, 4–11 membered cycloheteroalkylalkyl, 5–10 membered heteroaryl and 6–16 membered heteroarylalkyl;
each R c is independently a protecting group or R a , or, alternatively, each R c is taken together with the nitrogen atom to which it is bonded to form a 5 to 8-membered cycloheteroalkyl or heteroaryl which may optionally include one or more of the same or different additional heteroatoms and which may optionally be substituted with one or more of the same or different R a or suitable R b groups;
each R b is independently selected from ═O, —OR d , (C1–C3) haloalkyloxy, —OCF 3 , ═S, —SR d , ═NR d , ═NOR d , —NR c R c , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c , —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(NR a )NR c R c , —C(NOH)R a , —C(NOH)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —OC(NH)NR c R c , —OC(NR a )NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NR a C(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NR a C(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c , —[NR a C(O)] n NR c R c , —[NHC(NH)] n NR c R c and —[NR a C(NR a )] n NR c R c ;
each n independently is an integer from 0 to 3; and
each R d independently is a protecting group or R a ;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein P 1 and P 2 are hydrogen atoms and Z is carboxylic acid or a carboxylic ester.
3. A purified compound having the formula:
wherein each of P 1 , P 2 and P 3 individually is a protecting group or a hydrogen atom;
wherein Z is —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(O)H, —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(S)H, —C(S)OR d , —C(S)NR c R c , or —CN;
each R a is independently selected from hydrogen, (C1–C6) alkyl, (C3–C8) cycloalkyl, cyclohexyl, (C4–C11) cycloalkylalkyl, (C5–C10) aryl, phenyl, (C6–C16) arylalkyl, benzyl, 2–6 membered heteroalkyl, 3–8 membered cycloheteroalkyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, piperidinyl, 4–11 membered cycloheteroalkylalkyl, 5–10 membered heteroaryl or 6–16 membered heteroarylalkyl;
each R c is independently a protecting group or R a , or, alternatively, each R c is taken together with the nitrogen atom to which it is bonded to form a 5 to 8-membered cycloheteroalkyl or heteroaryl which may optionally include one or more of the same or different additional heteroatoms and which may optionally be substituted with one or more of the same or different R a or suitable R b groups;
each R b is independently selected from ═O, —OR d , (C1–C3) haloalkyloxy, —OCF 3 , ═S, —SR d , ═NR d , ═NOR d , —NR c R c , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c , —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(NR a )NR c R c , —C(NOH)R a , —C(NOH)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —OC(NH)NR c R c , —OC(NR a )NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NR a C(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NR a C(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c , —[NR a C(O)] n NR c R c , —[NHC(NH)] n NR c R c or —[NR a C(NR a )] n NR c R c ;
each n independently is an integer from 0 to 3; and
each R d independently is a protecting group or R a ;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
4. The compound of claim 3 , wherein P 1 , P 2 and P 3 each are hydrogen atoms and Z is a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic ester.
5. A purified compound having the formula:
wherein P 1 is a protecting group or a hydrogen atom;
wherein X is a substituted or unsubstituted methylene, an oxygen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom;
wherein Z is —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(O)H, —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(S)H, —C(S)OR d , —C(S)NR c R c , or —CN;
each R a is independently selected from hydrogen, (C1–C6) alkyl, (C3–C8) cycloalkyl, cyclohexyl, (C4–C11) cycloalkylalkyl, (C5–C10) aryl, phenyl, (C6–C16) arylalkyl, benzyl, 2–6 membered heteroalkyl, 3–8 membered cycloheteroalkyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, piperidinyl, 4–11 membered cycloheteroalkylalkyl, 5–10 membered heteroaryl or 6–16 membered heteroarylalkyl;
each R c is independently a protecting group or R a , or, alternatively, each R c is taken together with the nitrogen atom to which it is bonded to form a 5 to 8-membered cycloheteroalkyl or heteroaryl which may optionally include one or more of the same or different additional heteroatoms and which may optionally be substituted with one or more of the same or different R a or suitable R b groups;
each R b is independently selected from ═O, —OR d , (C1–C3) haloalkyloxy, —OCF 3 , ═S, —SR d , ═NR d , ═NOR d , —NR c R c , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c , —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(NR a )NR c R c , —C(NOH)R a , —C(NOH)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —OC(NH)NR c R c , —OC(NR a )NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NR a C(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NR a C(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c , —[NR a C(O)] n NR c R c , —[NHC(NH)] n NR c R c or —[NR a C(NR a )] n NR c R c ;
each n independently is an integer from 0 to 3; and
each R d independently is a protecting group or R a ;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein P 1 is a hydrogen atom, X is an oxygen, and Z is a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic ester.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the C-7 carbon has an S configuration.
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the C-17 carbon has an R configuration.
9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the C-7 carbon has an S configuration and the C-17 carbon has an R configuration.
10. The compound of claim 7 , wherein P 1 is a hydrogen atom.
11. The compound of claim 8 , wherein P 2 is a hydrogen atom.
12. The compound of claim 9 , wherein P 1 and P 2 are both hydrogen atoms.
13. The compound of claim 3 , wherein the C-7 carbon has an S configuration.
14. The compound of claim 3 , wherein the C-17 carbon has an R configuration.
15. The compound of claim 3 , wherein the C-7 carbon has an S configuration and the C-17 carbon has an R configuration.
16. The compound of claim 13 , wherein P 1 is a hydrogen atom.
17. The compound of claim 14 , wherein P 2 is a hydrogen atom.
18. The compound of claim 15 , wherein P 1 and P 2 are both hydrogen atoms.
19. The compound of claim 18 , wherein P 3 is a hydrogen atom.
20. The compound of claim 1 , 3 , 5 , wherein Z is —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(S)OR d , —C(S)NR c R c , or —CN.
21. The compound of claim 20 , wherein Z is —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , or —CN.
22. The compound of claim 20 , wherein each R b is independently selected from ═O, —OR d , (C1-C3) haloalkyloxy, —OCF 3 , ═S, —SR d , ═NR d , ═NOR d , —NR c R c , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NO 2 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c , —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(NR a )NR c R c , —C(NOH)R a , —C(NOH)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —OC(NH)NR c R c , —OC(NR a )NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NR a C(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NR a C(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c , —[NR a C(O)] n NR c R c , —[NHC(NH)] n NR c R c or —[NR a C(NR a )] n NR c R c , and n is 0 or 1.
23. The compound of claim 20 , wherein each R b is independently selected from ═O, —OR d , —OCF 3 , ═S, —SR d , ═NR d , —NR c R c , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NO 2 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c , —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NR a C(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NR 1 C(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c , —[NR a C(O)] n NR c R c , or —[NHC(NH)] n NR c R c .
24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of claim 1 , 3 , or 5 .
25. A method of reducing TNF-induced cytokine production, comprising administering to a patient a compound of claim 1 , 3 , or 5 .
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the reduced TNF-induced cytokine production is associated with arterial inflammation, neuronal inflammation, arthritis, psoriasis, urticaria, vasculitis, asthma, ocular inflammation, pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, seborrheic dermatitis, pustular dermatosis, or cardiovascular inflammation.
27. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of claim 23 .
28. A method of reducing TNF-induced cytokine production, comprising administering to a patient a compound of claim 23 .
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the reduced TNF-induced cytokine production is associated with arterial inflammation, neuronal inflammation, arthritis, psoriasis, urticaria, vasculitis, asthma, ocular inflammation, pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, seborrheic dermatitis, pustular dermatosis, or cardiovascular inflammation.
30. A compound having the formula:
wherein each of P 1 and P 2 individually is a protecting group or a hydrogen atom;
wherein Z is a carboxylic ester, —C(O)NR c R c , —C(O)H, —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(S)H, —C(S)OR d , —C(S)NR c R c , or —CN;
each R a is independently selected from hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, cyclohexyl, (C4-C11) cycloalkylalkyl, (C5-C10) aryl, phenyl, (C6-C16) arylalkyl, benzyl, 2-6 membered heteroalkyl, 3-8 membered cycloheteroalkyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, piperidinyl, 4-11 membered cycloheteroalkylalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl and 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl;
each R c is independently a protecting group or R a , or alternatively, each R c is taken together with the nitrogen atom to which it is bonded to form a 5 to 8-membered cycloheteroalkyl or heteroaryl which may optionally include one or more of the same or different additional heteroatoms and which may optionally be substituted with one or more of the same or different R a or suitable R b groups;
each R b is independently selected from ═O, —OR d , (C1-C3) haloalkyloxy, —OCF 3 , ═S, —SR d , ═NR d , ═NOR d , —NR c R c , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c , —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(NR a )NR c R c , —C(NOH)R a , —C(NOH)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —OC(NH)NR c R c , —OC(NR a )NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NR a C(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NR a C(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c , —[NR a C(O)] n NR c R c , —[NHC(NH)] n NR c R c and —[NR a C(NR a C(NR a )] n NR c R c ;
each n independently is an integer from 0 to 3; and
each R d independently is a protecting group or R a ;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
31. A compound having the formula:
wherein each of P 1 , P 2 and P 3 individually is a protecting group or a hydrogen atom;
wherein Z is a carboxylic ester, —C(O)NR c R c , —C(O)H, —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(S)H, —C(S)OR d , —C(S)NR c R c , or —CN;
each R a is independently selected from hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, cyclohexyl, (C4-C11) cycloalkylalkyl, (C5-C10) aryl, phenyl, (C6-C16) arylalkyl, benzyl, 2-6 membered heteroalkyl, 3-8 membered cylcoheteroalkyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, piperidinyl, 4-11 membered cycloheteroalkylalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl or 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl;
each R c is independently a protecting group or R a , or, alternatively, each R c is taken together with the nitrogen atom to which it is bonded to form a 5 to 8-membered cycloheteroalkyl or heteroaryl which may optionally include one or more of the same or different additional heteroatoms and which may optionally be substituted with one or more of the same or different R a or suitable R b groups;
each R b is independently selected from ═O, —OR d , (C1 –C3) haloalkyloxy, —OCF 3 , ═S, —SR d , ═NR d , ═NOR d , —NR c R c , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c , —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(NR a )NR c R c , —C(NOH)R a , —C(NOH)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —OC(NH)NR c R c , —OC(NR a )NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NR a C(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NR a C(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c , —[NR a C(O)] n NR c R c , —[NHC(NH)] n NR c R c and —[NR a C(NR a )] n NR c R c ;
each n independently is an integer from 0 to 3; and
each R d independently is a protecting group or R a ;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
32. A compound having the formula:
wherein P 1 is a protecting group or a hydrogen atom;
wherein X is a substituted or unsubstituted methylene, an oxygen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom;
wherein Z is a carboxylic ester, —C(O)NR c R c , —C(O)H, —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(S)H, —C(S)OR d , —C(S)NR c R c , or —CN;
each R a is independently selected from hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, cyclohexyl, (C4-C11) cycloalkylalkyl, (C5-C10) aryl, phenyl, (C6-C16) arylalkyl, benzyl, 2-6 membered heteroalkyl, 3-8membered cycloheteroalkyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, piperidinyl, 4-11membered cycloheteroalkylalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl or 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl;
each R c is independently a protecting group or R a , or, alternatively, each R c is taken together with the nitrogen atom to which it is bonded to form a 5 to 8-membered cycloheteroalkyl or heteroaryl which may optionally include one or more of the same or different additional heteroatoms and which may optionally be substituted with one or more of the same or different R a or suitable R b groups;
each R b is independently selected from ═O, —OR d , (C1-C3) haloalkyloxy, —OCF 3 , ═S, —SR d , ═NR d , ═NOR d , —NR c R c , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c , —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(NR a )NR c R c , —C(NOH)R a , —C(NOH)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —OC(NH)NR c R c , —OC(NR a )NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NR a C(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NR a C(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c , —[NR a C(O)] n NR c R c , —[NHC(NH)] n NR c R c and —[NR a C(NR a )] n NR c R c ;
each n independently is an integer from 0 to 3; and
each R d independently is a protecting group or R a ;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
33. A method of reducing PMN transmigration and recruitment, comprising administering to a patient a compound of claim 1 , 3 , or 5 .
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the reduction of the PMN transmigration and recruitment is associated with arterial inflammation, neuronal inflammation, arthritis, psoriasis, urticaria, vasculitis, asthma, ocular inflammation, pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, seborrheic dermatitis, pustular dermatosis, or cardiovascular inflammation.
35. A method of reducing PMN transmigration and recruitment, comprising administering to a patient a compound of claim 23 .
36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the reduction of PMN transmigration and recruitment is associated with arterial inflammation, neuronal inflammation, arthritis, psoriasis, urticaria, vasculitis, asthma, ocular inflammation, pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, seborrheic dermatitis, pustular dermatosis, or cardiovascular inflammation.