Astigmatic axis independent spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity target and method
A set of visual targets and a method for using these targets to evaluate the spatial frequency response and contrast sensitivity of the human visual system. The invention includes four choice test, six choice test, sinusoidal bulls eye and fundamental sinusoidal letters or optotype targets. The four and six choice targets feature sinusoidal gratings oriented vertically, horizontally and at angles thereto. The sinusoidal bull's eye target features concentric circular light and dark areas with brightness varying in a radial sinusoidal fashion. The fundamental sinusoidal optotype target features an optotype, such as a letter, that is made up of strokes, each of which have a width that is equal to ½ of a single sinusoidal period.
1. A method of testing spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity comprising the steps of:
a) providing a plurality of at least four targets, each of said plurality of targets including a grating of parallel aligned light and dark areas with brightness varying in a sinusoidal fashion having a spatial frequency and a contrast level and each of said plurality of targets having a unique combination of spatial frequency, contrast level and grating orientation where the grating orientation is either vertical, horizontal or at an angle thereto;
b) presenting a first one of said plurality of targets to a patient; and
c) presenting a second one of said plurality of targets to a patient, said second one of said plurality of targets having a grating orientation that is 90° from the grating orientation of the first target.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the angle of step a) is 45°.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the angle of step a) is 30°.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the second one of said plurality of targets of step c) has the same spatial frequency as the first target but a different contrast level.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the second one of said plurality of targets of step c) has the same spatial frequency and contrast level as the first target.
6. A method of testing spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity comprising the steps of:
a) providing a sinusoidal bull's eye targets having concentric circular light and dark areas with brightness varying in a sinusoidal fashion, the light and dark areas being substantially uniform over a circumference thereof, and each of said targets having a unique combination of spatial frequency and contrast level;
b) providing a control;
c) displaying sinusoidal bull's eye targets to a patient;
d) asking the patient if the patient sees the sinusoidal bull's eye target;
e) displaying the control; and
f) asking the patient if the patient sees the sinusoidal bull's eye target.
7. A method of testing spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity comprising the steps of:
a) providing a plurality of sinusoidal bull's eye targets having concentric circular light and dark areas with brightness varying in a sinusoidal fashion, the light and dark areas being substantially uniform over a circumference thereof, and each of said targets having a unique combination of spatial frequency and contrast level;
b) displaying a first one of said plurality of sinusoidal bull's eye targets to a patient;
c) asking the patient if the patient sees the sinusoidal bull's eye target;
d) displaying a second one of said plurality of sinusoidal bull's eye targets to the patient, the second target having a lower contrast level than the first target; and
e) asking the patient if the patient sees the sinusoidal bull's eye target.
8. A method of testing spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity comprising the steps of:
a) providing a plurality of sinusoidal bull's eye targets having concentric circular light and dark areas with brightness varying in a sinusoidal fashion, the light and dark areas being substantially uniform over a circumference thereof, and each of said targets having a unique combination of spatial frequency and contrast level;
b) displaying a first one of said plurality of sinusoidal bull's eye targets to a patient;
c) asking the patient if the patient sees the sinusoidal bull's eye target;
d) displaying a second one of said plurality of sinusoidal bull's eye targets to the patient, the second target having a spatial frequency that is different from the first target; and
e) asking the patient if the patient sees the sinusoidal bull's eye target.
9. A method of testing spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity comprising the steps of:
a) providing a plurality of sinusoidal optotype targets, each featuring an optotype constructed from a plurality of strokes where each of the strokes features a width equal to a single sinusoidal period and a length that is a multiple of the width;
b) displaying one of said sinusoidal optotype targets to a patient;
c) asking the patient if the patient sees the sinusoidal optotype target
d) displaying a second one of said sinusoidal optotype targets to the patient, the second target having a lower contrast level than the first target; and
e) asking the patient to “name” the sinusoidal optotype target.