Planar waveguide with patterned cladding and method for producing the same
Integrated optical waveguides and methods for the production thereof which have a patterned upper cladding with a defined opening to allow at least one side or at least one end of a light transmissive element to be air clad. The at least one side or at least one end is, for preference, a lens structure unitary with the waveguide, or a bend.
1. An integrated optical waveguide comprising:
a substrate;
a light transmissive element comprising a waveguide and a lens as a unitary body;
an upper cladding patterned to have at least one region in which the light transmissive element is air clad; and
wherein said lens has a face perpendicular to the substrate and focuses and collimates light in a plane parallel to the substrate and a lens face width at least 50% larger than the waveguide.
2. An integrated optical waveguide according to claim 1 wherein the light transmissive element is air clad on at least one side.
3. An integrated optical waveguide according to claim 2 , wherein the light transmissive element comprises a waveguide with a bend.
4. An integrated optical waveguide according to claim 3 , wherein the waveguide has an air clad surface in the region of the bend.
5. An integrated optical waveguide according to claim 4 , wherein the waveguide has an air clad surface on the side corresponding to the outside of the bend.
6. An integrated optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the upper cladding is chosen from a group comprising an organosilicon condensate polymer.
7. An integrated optical waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises silicon, quartz, fused silica, glass, or a polymeric material.
8. An integrated optical waveguide according to claim 7 , wherein the polymeric material comprises an acrylate, Perspex, polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate, polyester, polyethyleneterephthalate or PET.
9. An integrated optical waveguide according to claim 1 wherein the light transmissive element comprises materials selected from polymeric materials, glass and semiconductors.
10. An integrated optical waveguide according to claim 1 including a lower cladding layer between the substrate and the light transmissive element.
11. An integrated optical waveguide according to claim 10 wherein the lower cladding layer comprises materials selected from polymeric materials, glass and semiconductors.
12. An integrated optical waveguide comprising:
a substrate;
one or more light transmissive elements each comprising a waveguide and a lens as a unitary body; and
one or more cladding layers comprising at least one cladding layer patterned to have at least one region with the cladding material removed from at least one region of the one or more light transmissive elements; wherein the lens has a face perpendicular to the substrate and a lens face width at least 50% larger than the waveguide and focuses and collimates light in a plane parallel to the substrate.
13. The integrated optical waveguide of claim 12 wherein at least one of said one or more cladding layers is composed of an organosilicon condensate polymer.
14. The integrated optical waveguide of claim 12 wherein said one or more light transmissive elements and at least one of said one or more cladding layers are composed of materials chosen from a group comprising organosilicon condensate polymers, polymers, quartz, glass and semiconductors.
15. The integrated optical waveguide of claim 12 wherein said substrate is composed of materials chosen from a group comprising silicon, quartz, fused silica, glass, or a polymeric material.