Hybrid window layer for photovoltaic cells
A novel photovoltaic solar cell and method of making the same are disclosed. The solar cell includes: at least one absorber layer which could either be a lightly doped layer or an undoped layer, and at least a doped window-layers which comprise at least two sub-window-layers. The first sub-window-layer, which is next to the absorber-layer, is deposited to form desirable junction with the absorber-layer. The second sub-window-layer, which is next to the first sub-window-layer, but not in direct contact with the absorber-layer, is deposited in order to have transmission higher than the first-sub-window-layer.
1. A novel photovoltaic solar cell comprising:
at least one absorber layer, and
at least one doped window layer having at least two p-type sub-window layers, wherein a first p-type sub-window layer is adjacent the absorber layer and forms a desirable junction with the absorber layer and wherein a second p-type sub-window layer is adjacent the first p-type sub-window layer and has high optical transmission;
wherein the absorber layer comprises at least one of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), amorphous silicon germanium (a-Si (1-x) Ge X :H), nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H), microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H), polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si:H), or other combinations and mixtures thereof;
the first and second p-type sub-window layers each being comprised of nanocrystalline silicon;
wherein the second p-type sub-window layer has a transparency and a thickness that are both greater than the transparency and the thickness of the first p-type sub-window layer.
2. The solar cell of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate selected from at least one of: glass, metal or plastic.
3. The solar cell of claim 2 , further comprising a transparent conductive oxide layer adjacent the second p-type sub-window-layer.
4. The solar cell of claim 1 , further comprising a buffer semi-conductor layer between the absorber-layer and the first p-type sub-window layer.
5. The solar cell of claim 1 , the first p-type sub-window layer being formed by deposition at a first temperature, and the second p-type sub-window layer being formed by deposition at a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature.
6. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the first p-type sub-window layer is formed from the same thin film silicon based material as the second p-type sub-window layer.
7. A novel photovoltaic solar cell comprising:
a substrate;
at least one absorber layer, and
at least one doped window layer having at least two sub-window layers, wherein the first sub-window layer is adjacent the absorber layer and forms a desirable junction with the absorber layer and wherein the second sub-window layer is adjacent the first sub-window layer and has high optical transmission;
wherein the absorber layer comprises at least one of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), amorphous silicon germanium (a-Si (1-x) Ge x :H), nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H), microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H), polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si:H), or other combinations and mixtures thereof;
the first and second sub-window p-type layers each being comprised of a; nanocrystalline silicon;
wherein the second sub-window p-type layer has a transparency greater than the first sub-window p-type layer, and wherein there is a minimal mismatch between the bandgap of the first sub-window p-type layer and the bandgap of the absorber layer that is adjacent to the first sub-window p-layer; and,
wherein the substrate comprises a stainless steel metal, the first and second p-type sub-window layers comprise a-Si:H, the absorber layer comprises a-SiGe:H, and the n-layer comprises a-Si:H.
8. The solar cell of claim 7 , the first p-type sub-window layer being formed by deposition at a first temperature, and the second p-type sub-window being formed by deposition at a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature.