Methods of detecting specific cell lysis
The present invention provides methods of detecting specific lysis of a cell by a lytic agent. The methods generally involve contacting a labeled target cell with a lytic agent; and detecting fluorescence in the target cell. The target cells are labeled with two fluorescent labels: a first fluorescent label that labels the plasma membrane; and a second fluorescent label that labels the cytosol. Release of the cytosolic label from the target cell indicates that the target cell has been lysed. The invention further provides methods of detecting the presence in a sample of a cell that specifically lyses a target cell. The invention further provides methods of detecting the presence in a sample of an antibody that specifically lyses a target cell. The methods are useful in a variety of applications.
1. A method of detecting specific lysis of a target cell in a plurality of different target cells, comprising:
a) contacting a lytic agent with:
i) a first target cell labeled with a first plasma membrane-labeling fluorescent dye and a cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye; and
ii) at least a second target cell labeled with a second plasma membrane-labeling fluorescent dye and the cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye;
b) detecting a reduction in the amount of fluorescent cytosol-labeling dye in the first and at least the second target cell, wherein a reduction in the amount of the cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye in any of said target cells indicates that a target cell has been lysed by the lytic agent; and
c) determining the identity of the unlysed target cell, by detecting the fluorescent plasma membrane labeling dye in the unlysed target cell, and thereby detecting the specific lysis of a target cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said plurality of target cells is a control target cell.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first target cell and the second target cell are donor target cells from different potential tissue or organ donors, and the lytic agent is a cell from a prospective recipient of a tissue or organ.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the donor target cells and the lytic cell are peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
5. A method of detecting specific lysis of a target cell in a plurality of different target cells, comprising:
a) contacting a lytic agent with
i) a first target cell labeled with a first cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye and a plasma membrane-labeling fluorescent dye; and
ii) at least a second target cell labeled with a second cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye and the plasma membrane-labeling fluorescent dye;
b) detecting a reduction in the amount of fluorescent cytosol-labeling dye remaining in the first and at least the second target cell, wherein a reduction in the amount of the cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye in any of said target cells indicates that a target cell has been lysed by the lytic agent; and
c) determining the identity of the unlysed target cell, by detecting the fluorescent cytosol-labeling dye in the unlysed target cell, and thereby detecting the specific lysis of a target cell.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first and said second plasma membrane-labeling fluorescent dyes are lipid-associated fluorescent dyes, and wherein said cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye is a fluorescent dye that labels proteins in the cytosol.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lytic agent is a cell having lytic activity toward one of the target cells.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the cell having lytic activity toward one of the target cells is an antigen-specific CD8 + T lymphocyte, and the target cell displays the antigen in an MHC Class I molecule on its cell surface.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lytic agent is an antibody specific for a cell surface marker on the target cell.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the emission of the first plasma membrane-labeling fluorescent dye differs from the emission of the second plasma membrane-labeling fluorescent dye by at least about 10 nm.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein said lipid-associated fluorescent dyes are selected from PKH-26, PKH-67, and a long chain dialkylcarbocyanine.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the protein-labeling cytosol dye is selected from 5-(-6)-carboxyfluorescein, 5-(-6)(((4-chloromethyl)benzoyl) amino) tetramethylrhodamine), 7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin, and a SNARF® fluorescent dye.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said detecting of a reduction in the amount of cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye is carried out using flow cytometry.
14. The method of claim 5 , wherein at least one of said plurality of target cells is a control target cell.
15. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first target cell and the second target cell are donor target cells from different potential tissue or organ donors, and the lytic agent is a cell from a prospective recipient of a tissue or organ.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the donor target cells and the lytic cell are peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
17. The method of claim 5 , wherein said plasma membrane-labeling fluorescent dye is a lipid-associated fluorescent dye, and wherein said first and said second cytosol-labeling fluorescent dyes are fluorescent dyes that label proteins in the cytosol.
18. The method of claim 5 , wherein the lytic agent is a cell having lytic activity toward one of the target cells.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the cell having lytic activity toward one of the target cells is an antigen-specific CD8 + T lymphocyte, and the target cell displays the antigen in an MHC Class I molecule on its cell surface.
20. The method of claim 5 , wherein the lytic agent is an antibody specific for a cell surface marker on the target cell.
21. The method of claim 5 , wherein the emission of the first cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye differs from the emission of the second cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye by at least about 10 nm.
22. The method of claim 17 , wherein said lipid-associated fluorescent dyes are selected from PKH-26, PKH-67, and a long chain dialkylcarbocyanine.
23. The method of claim 17 , wherein the protein-labeling cytosol dye is selected from 5-(-6)-carboxyfluorescein, 5-(-6)(((4-chloromethyl)benzoyl) amino) tetramethylrhodamine), 7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin, and a SNARF® fluorescent dye.
24. The method of claim 5 , wherein said detecting of a reduction in the amount of cytosol-labeling fluorescent dye is carried out using flow cytometry.