Cuffless system for measuring blood pressure

1. A hand-held device for monitoring a patient's blood pressure, comprising:

a hand-held component configured to be held proximal to the patient's skin;

a first optical module operating in a reflective mode and comprised by the hand-held component, the first optical module comprising a first optical source component configured to generate optical radiation and a first optical sensor configured to detect reflected radiation from the patient and, in response, generate a first set of information when the hand-held component is held proximal to the patient's skin;

a second optical module operating in a reflective mode and comprised by the hand-held component, the second optical module comprising a second optical source component configured to generate optical radiation and a second optical sensor configured to detect reflected radiation from the patient and, in response, generate a second set of information when the hand-held component is held proximal to the patient's skin;

an electrical sensor comprised by the hand-held component and comprising an electrode pair configured to generate a third set of information when the hand-held component is held proximal to the patient's skin; and

a processing module, comprised by the hand-held component, and configured to receive the first, second, and third sets of information, the processing module comprising a processor that calculates a first time-dependent property from components of the first set of information and the second set of information and a second time-dependent property from the third set of information and at least one of the first and second sets of information and compares the first and second time-dependent properties to a mathematical model to calculate a blood pressure value.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the third set of information generated by the electrical sensor is a time-dependent electrical waveform generated in response to a body-generated electrical signal.

3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the hand-held component further comprises an analog-to-digital converter connected to the processing module.

4. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second optical source components comprises a first LED that generates visible radiation, and a second LED that generates infrared radiation.

5. The device of claim 4 , wherein at least one of the first and second optical sensors is a photodiode.

6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the photodiode is configured to generate a photocurrent after detecting radiation generated by the first LED and the second LED.

7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the hand-held component further comprises an analog-to-digital converter connected to the processing module and configured to receive and process the photocurrent.

8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor further comprises computer-readable firmware that processes the first set of information to additionally determine pulse oximetry and heart rate.

9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the hand-held component further comprises a serial interface.

10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the serial interface is configured to send information to an external device.

11. The device of claim 9 , wherein the serial interface is configured to accept calibration information.

12. A method for measuring a blood pressure value from a patient, comprising the steps of:

1) holding a hand-held component proximal to the patient's skin, the hand-held component comprising: i) a first optical component comprising a first optical source component configured to emit optical radiation and a first optical sensor configured to detect reflected radiation and, in response, generate a first set of information while the hand-held component is held proximal to the patient's skin; ii) a second optical component comprising a second optical source component configured to emit optical radiation and a second optical sensor configured to detect reflected radiation and, in response, generate a second set of information while the hand-held component is held proximal to the patient's skin; iii) an electrical component comprising an electrode pair configured to generate a third set of information while the hand-held component is held proximal to the patient's skin; and iv) a processor, comprised by the hand-held component, and operating an algorithm configured to process the first, second, and third sets of information;

2) initiating a measurement wherein the first optical component generates the first set of information, the second optical component generates the second set of information, and the electrical component generates the third set of information; and

3) processing the first, second, and third sets of information with the processor by calculating a first time-dependent property from components of the first and second sets of information, and calculating a second time-dependent property from the third set of information and at least one of the first and second sets of information, and comparing the first and second time-dependent properties to a mathematical model to calculate a blood pressure value.

13. A method for analyzing a blood pressure value from a patient, comprising the steps of:

1) holding a hand-held component proximal to the patient's skin, the hand-held component comprising: i) a first optical component comprising a first optical source component configured to emit optical radiation and a first optical sensor configured to detect reflected radiation and, in response, generate a first set of information while the hand-held component is held proximal to the patient's skin; ii) a second optical component comprising a second optical source component configured to emit optical radiation and a second optical sensor configured to detect reflected radiation and, in response, generate a second set of information while the hand-held component is held proximal to the patient's skin; iii) an electrical component comprising an electrode pair configured to generate a third set of information while the hand-held component is held proximal to the patient's skin; and iv) a processor, comprised by the hand-held component, and operating an algorithm configured to process the first, second, and third sets of information;

2) initiating a measurement wherein the first optical component generates the first set of information, the second optical component generates the second set of information, and the electrical component generates the third set of information;

3) processing the first and second sets of information with the processor by calculating a first time-dependent property from components of the first and second sets of information and processing the third set of information and at least one of the first and second sets of information with the processor by calculating a second time-dependent property from components of the third set of information and at least one of the first and second sets of information and comparing the first and second time-dependent properties to a mathematical model to calculate a blood pressure value; and

4) wirelessly transmitting the blood pressure value to an external receiver.

14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising the step of transmitting the blood pressure value to an Internet-accessible computer system.

15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising the step of transmitting the blood pressure value to a central computer system.

16. A device for monitoring a patient's blood pressure, comprising:

a first optical module comprising a first optical source component configured to generate optical radiation and a first optical sensor configured to detect radiation from the patient and, in response, generate a first set of information;

a second optical module comprising a second optical source component configured to generate optical radiation and a second optical sensor configured to detect radiation from the patient and, in response, generate a second set of information;

an electrical sensor comprising an electrode pair configured to generate a third set of information; and

a processing module configured to receive the first, second, and third sets of information, the processing module comprising a processor that calculates a first time-dependent property related to a time-dependent variation in arterial properties from components of the first set of information and the second set of information and a second time-dependent property related to a blood pressure change from the third set of information and at least one of the first and second sets of information and compares the first and second time-dependent properties to a mathematical model to calculate a blood pressure value.