Ultra-high speed vacuum pump system with first stage turbofan and second stage turbomolecular pump
An ultra-high speed vacuum pump evacuation system includes a first stage ultra-high speed turbofan and a second stage conventional turbomolecular pump. The turbofan is either connected in series to a chamber to be evacuated, or is optionally disposed entirely within the chamber. The turbofan employs large diameter rotor blades operating at high linear blade velocity to impart an ultra-high pumping speed to a fluid. The second stage turbomolecular pump is fluidly connected downstream from the first stage turbofan. In operation, the first stage turbofan operates in a pre-existing vacuum, with the fluid asserting only small axial forces upon the rotor blades. The turbofan imparts a velocity to fluid particles towards an outlet at a high volume rate, but moderate compression ratio. The second stage conventional turbomolecular pump then compresses the fluid to pressures for evacuation by a roughing pump.
1. A vacuum pump evacuation system comprising:
(a) a first stage comprising a turbofan comprising:
(1) a fluid-containing housing having a fluid stream inlet and a fluid stream outlet;
(2) a shaft rotatably mounted within said housing, said shaft having a longitudinal axis;
(3) a plurality of fixed stator blades extending from said housing toward the longitudinal axis of said shaft, said stator blades longitudinally spaced between said turbofan fluid stream inlet and said turbofan fluid stream outlet;
(4) a plurality of rotor blades extending radially from said shaft, said rotor blades rotatable about said shaft longitudinal axis, said rotor blades longitudinally spaced between said turbofan fluid stream inlet and said turbofan fluid stream outlet; and
(b) a second stage comprising a turbomolecular pump having a fluid stream inlet and a fluid stream outlet, said turbomolecular pump inlet fluidly communicating with said turbofan outlet;
whereby, upon rotation of said shaft about its longitudinal axis, said stator and rotor blades cooperate to impart an axial velocity to a fluid stream drawn into said turbofan fluid stream inlet, thereby directing a pressurized fluid stream from said turbofan fluid stream outlet to said turbomolecular pump fluid stream inlet.
2. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 1 wherein the system pumping speed is greater than 10,000 liters/second.
3. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 2 wherein the system pumping speed is in the range 10,000–40,000 liters/second.
4. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 1 wherein the rotor blade diameter is in the range 0.1–3.0 meters.
5. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 4 wherein the rotor blade diameter is in the range 0.5–1.5 meters.
6. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 1 wherein said first stage turbofan operates at a preexisting pressure of less than 10 −5 Pa.
7. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 1 wherein said first stage turbofan produces a gas compression ratio in the range 10×–1000×.
8. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 1 wherein the first stage turbofan is disposed within a chamber to be evacuated.
9. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 1 wherein said turbofan further comprises a crash protection mechanism to prevent contact between the rotor and stator blades during abnormal operating events.
10. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 9 wherein said crash protection mechanism comprises a plurality of concentric rings extending from said housing, said plurality of concentric rings encasing said stator blades or said rotor blades, said concentric rings being transparent to the fluid.
11. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 1 wherein said turbofan shaft is rotatably mounted on said housing by a frictionless bearing mechanism.
12. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 11 wherein said frictionless bearing mechanism comprises a passive magnetic bearing having a geometric configuration in which a point of contact maintains the orientation of said shaft longitudinal axis with respect to said housing.
13. The vacuum pump evacuation system of claim 1 further comprising a roughing pump positioned downstream from said second stage turbomolecular pump.
14. A method of evacuating a fluid stream from a vacuum chamber comprising:
(a) disposing a turbofan downstream from said vacuum chamber, said turbofan comprising: (i) a fluid-containing housing having a fluid stream inlet and a fluid stream outlet, (ii) a shaft rotatably mounted within said housing, said shaft having a longitudinal axis, (iii) a plurality of fixed stator blades extending from said housing toward the longitudinal axis of said shaft, said stator blades longitudinally spaced between said turbofan fluid stream inlet and said turbofan fluid stream outlet, and (iv) a plurality of rotor blades extending radially from said shaft, said rotor blades rotatable about said shaft longitudinal axis, said rotor blades longitudinally spaced between said turbofan fluid stream inlet and said turbofan fluid stream outlet;
(b) disposing a turbomolecular pump downstream from said turbofan, said turbomolecular pump having a fluid stream inlet and a fluid stream outlet, said turbomolecular pump inlet fluidly communicating with said turbofan outlet;
(c) rotating said shaft about its longitudinal axis such that said rotor blades cooperate with said stator to impart an axial velocity to a fluid stream drawn from the vacuum chamber into said turbofan fluid stream inlet, thereby directing a pressurized fluid stream from said turbofan fluid stream outlet.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the fluid is pumped out of the chamber at a rate of greater than 10,000 liters/second.